NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2167 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area according to the 1910 

 census is 3,084,800 acres. Of this, 70.9 per cent or 

 2,185,788 acres are in farms. The land in farms that 

 is improved is 988,252 acres, or 45.2 per cent; the land 

 that is in woodland, 757,743 acres, and other unim- 

 proved land in farms, 439,793 acres. The number of all 

 the farms in the state in 1910 was 26,815. Their average 

 acreage at that time was 81.5. [The total area of Con- 

 necticut is 4,965 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops are cereals, hay and 

 forage, tobacco, and forest products of the farms. The 

 acreage in cereals in 1909 was 74,083, showing an 

 increase of only 2,051 acres over that of 1899. The 

 value of the cereals in 1909 was $2,039,211 which was 

 9.1 per cent of the total value of all crops. The acreage 

 of hay and forage in 1909 was 401,322, a decrease of 16.1 



Eer cent from the acreage in 1899. The value of the 

 ay and forage in 1909 was $7,224,500, which was 32.1 

 per cent of the total value of all crops. Tobacco 

 increased in acreage 58.5 per cent during the ten-year 

 period. The acreage in 1899 was 10,119; in 1909, 

 16,042. The value of the tobacco products in 1909 

 was $4,415,948 or 19.6 per cent of the total value of 

 all crops. The value of the forest products from the 

 farms in 1909 was $1,861,853; in 1899, $1,275,720. 



The leading horticultural crops are potatoes and other 

 vegetables, fruits and nuts, and flowers and plants 

 and nursery products. Small-fruits are also of con- 

 siderable importance. The acreage in potatoes has been 

 changing constantly. In 1879 there were nearly 28,000 

 acres; there was a decrease of nearly 5,000 acres in 

 1889 ; an increase during the next decade, and a decline 

 of over 3,000 acres between 1889* and 1909, leaving the 

 acreage for 1909, 23,959. This acreage produced 2,684,- 

 414 bushels of potatoes, valued at $1,882,197. Other 

 vegetables increased in acreage 31.6 per cent from 1889 

 to 1909. The acreage in 1889 was 12,349; in 1909, 

 16,250. The value of these vegetable products in 1909 

 was $1,965,635. The total value of fruits and nuts in 

 1909 was $1,375,699; that of flowers, plants and nursery 

 products, $1,308,937. Small-fruits were also pro- 

 duced to the value of $316,752, although the acreage 

 decreased from 1,987 in 1899 to 1,597 in 1910. 



More than four-fifths of the quantity of orchard 

 fruits produced in 1909 were contributed by the apple. 

 Peaches, nectarines and pears produced most of 

 the remainder. The production of apples in 1909 was 

 1,540,996 bushels, valued at $833,168; that of peaches 

 and nectarines 269,900 bushels, valued at $417,598; 

 that of pears 41,322 bushels, valued at $41,652. The 

 other orchard fruits of lesser importance, their pro- 

 duction and value in 1909 follow: plums and prunes, 

 13,663 bushels, valued at $19,419; cherries, 3,617 

 bushels, valued at $8,164; quinces, 4,627 bushels, 

 valued at $7,027. 



In 1910, there were 107,054 grape-vines of bearing 

 age in Connecticut and 61,670 vines not of bearing age. 

 The grapes produced amounted to 1,317,682 pounds, 

 valued at $43,523. 



The nuts of most importance in 1909 were the hick- 

 ory-nuts and black walnuts. The number of hick- 

 ory-nut trees of bearing age in 1910 was 3,792; those 

 not of bearing age 5,385. The production was 64,124 

 pounds, valued at $2,656. The number of black walnut 

 trees of bearing age in 1910 was 3,188; those not of 

 bearing age 2,636. The quantity produced was 45,304 

 pounds, valued at $1,856. 



Strawberries were by far the most important of the 

 small-fruits grown in Connecticut, with raspberries and 

 loganberries ranking next. The acreage of strawberries 

 in 1909 was 993, as compared with 971 in 1899. The 

 production was 3,016,295 quarts, valued at $235,648. 

 The acreage of raspberries and loganberries in 1909 was 

 289 acres and the production 384,256 quarts, valued at 

 $46,618. The acreage, production, and value of the 



other small-fruits follow: 128 acres of blackberries and 

 dewberries, producing 192,752 quarts, valued at 

 $16,869; 123 acres of cranberries, producing 145,408 

 quarts, valued at $9,555; 54 acres of currants, produ- 

 cing 74,488 quarts, valued at $7,056, and 9 acres of 

 gooseberries, producing 9,023 quarts, valued at $878. 



Aside from potatoes, discussed above, the more 

 important vegetables, their acreage, and value in 1909 

 were as follows: 165 acres of asparagus, valued at 

 $31,685; 167 acres of green beans, valued at $21,426; 

 733 acres of cabbage, value of which was $93,796; 159 

 acres of cantaloupes and muskmelons, the value of 

 whose product was $25,898; 185 acres of celery, the 

 value of the product being $55,142; 2,142 acres of 

 sweet corn, the product valued at $137,083; 282 acres 

 of onions, the value of the product being $38,156; 232 

 acres of green peas, the product valued at $24,382; 85 

 acres of spinach, the product being valued at $11,270; 

 621 acres of tomatoes, the product valued at $115,654; 

 and 742 acres of turnips, whose product was valued at 

 $40,968. Other vegetables grown were carrots, cauli- 

 flower, cucumbers, lettuce, green peppers, and water- 

 melons. 



In 1909, there were 560 acres occupied by flower and 

 plant establishments as compared with 187 acres in 

 1899, an increase of 199.5 per cent. The area under 

 glass in 1909 was 2,849,481 square feet, of which 2,636,- 

 , 063 were covered by greenhouses and 213,418 by sashes 

 and frames. The total value of the flowers and plants in 

 1909 was $1,047,431. 



The acreage occupied by nursery establishments 

 increased from 605 acres in 1899 to 770 in 1909, an 

 increase of 27.3 per cent. The total value of the nur- 

 sery products in 1909 was $261,506. j. H. HALE. 



MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES. 

 New York. 



By virtue of its many substantial interests in horti- 

 culture, New York (Fig. 2493) is preeminent in this 

 division of agriculture among the states of the Union. 

 Thus, New York ranks first or takes a high place in 

 fruit-growing, truck- and vegetable-growing, the pro- 

 duction of nursery stock, the growing of cut-flowers, and 

 in the plant and seed trade for vegetables and flowers. 

 To these horticultural crops of first magnitude must be 

 added the culture of nuts and of medicinal herbs. These 

 industries, divided into a great number of distinct 

 horticultural occupations, for the tendency is to 

 specialize more and more, probably occupy the time 

 of more workers than any other form of husbandry in 

 the state, though the monetary value of the products is 

 less than that of cereal and forage crops or of dairy 

 products. 



Horticultural industries in New York take high rank 

 chiefly because climate and soil are so diverse and so 

 favorable as to make possible one of the most highly 

 specialized areas of American farming, but also because 

 in its commercial supremacy the state supplies unusual 

 markets for the products. Thus, to consider the last 

 factor first, more than 9,000,000 persons live within the 

 borders of New York. In the state there are five cities 

 with more than 100,000 inhabitants, sixteen with 

 25,000 to 100,000, and one hundred and twenty-seven 

 with from 2,500 to 25,000. This vast and prosperous 

 population is most varied, consisting of many nation- 

 alities of all gradations of wealth and employed in 

 nearly all the means of livelihood known to mankind, 

 so that there are diverse demands as well as extensive 

 markets for horticultural products. 



New York ranks twenty-ninth in land area among the 

 states and territories of the United States. The state 

 extends east and west 412 miles, north and south 310 

 miles. About one-twentieth of the state, chiefly com- 

 prising Long Island, lies below an altitude of 100 feet, 



