2170 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



having long since passed when all could be represented 

 in one organization. The first of these societies was the 

 New York Horticultural Society, founded in New York 

 City in 1818, long since extinct, probably the first 

 organization of the kind in North America. In 1829 

 the Albany Horticultural Society was organized, but 

 was short-lived. February 27, 1855, the Western New 

 York Horticultural Society, now the oldest such 

 society in the state, was organized, with headquarters 

 at Rochester. February 27, 28, 1910, the New York 

 State Fruit-Growers' Association was organized at 

 Syracuse. The two societies named last have larger 

 membership lists than any similar organization hi 

 North America. The nurserymen of the state have long 

 had a trade organization, and the vegetable-growers 

 are represented by the New York State Vegetable- 

 Growers' Association, founded in 1913. 



The State Department of Agriculture, at Albany, 

 provides inspection service to control insects, diseases, 

 fruit-grading, and fertilizers. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area in 1910 was 30,498,560 

 acres. The amount of this area that was in farm land 

 in 1910 was 22,030,367 acres. Of this land in farms, 

 14,844,039 acres were improved; 4,436,145 were wood- 

 land; and the unimproved land in farms numbered 

 2,750,183 acres. The number of all the farms in 

 1910 was 215,597, and the average acreage a farm 

 was 102.2. [The total area of New York is 49,204 

 square miles]. 



The leading agricultural crops are cereals, hay and 

 forage, and forest products. In 1909, the acreage of 

 cereals was 2,602,461, as compared with 3,125,077 in 

 1899, and the value of the cereals in 1909 was $43,099,- 

 988. Hay and forage decreased in acreage from 5,154,- 

 965, in 1899, to 5,043,373 in 1909, a decrease of 2.2 

 per cent. The value of hay and forage in 1909 was 

 $77,360,645. The value of the forest products of the 

 farms in 1909 was $10,365,651, as compared with 

 $7,671,108 in 1899, showing an increase in value of 

 35 per cent. 



Horticultural crops grown in New York are fruits 

 and nuts, potatoes and other vegetables, small-fruits, 

 flowers and plants, and nursery products. The value of 

 the fruits and nuts in 1909 was $22,024,996, as com- 

 pared with $13,377,105 in 1899, showing an increase in 

 value of 64.6 per cent. The acreage of potatoes in 1909 

 was 394,319, as compared with 395,640 in 1899, and 

 the value of the potatoes produced in 1909 was 

 $20,338,766. Excluding potatoes, the acreage of other 

 vegetables increased from 144,318, in 1899, to 175,402 

 in 1909, an increase of 21.5 per cent, and their value in 

 1909 was $15,963,384. The acreage of small-fruits in 

 1909 was 22,496, as compared with 25,051 in 1899, a 

 decrease of 10.2 per cent, and their value in 1909 was 

 $2,875,495. Flowers and plants and nursery products 

 increased in acreage from 9,734, in 1899, to 11,659 in 

 1909, an increase of 19.8 per cent, and their value was 

 $7,899,906. 



The total quantity of orchard-fruits produced in 

 1909 was 29,456,291 bushels, valued at $17,988,894. 

 Apples contributed about six-sevenths of this quantity, 

 there being produced in 1909, 25,409,324 bushels, 

 valued at $13,343,028. The number of apple trees of 

 bearing age in 1910 numbered 11,248,203; those not of 

 bearing age numbered 2,828,515. Peach and nectarine 

 trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 2,457,187; those 

 not of bearing age, 2,216,907, and the production in 

 1909 was 1,736,483 bushels, valued at $2,014,088. 

 Pear trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 2,141,596; 

 those not of bearing age, 1,502,661, and the produc- 

 tion in 1909 was 1,343,089 bushels, valued at $1,418,218. 

 Other orchard-fruits produced in 1909 were: 553,522 

 bushels of plums and prunes, valued at $519,192; 

 271,597 bushels of cherries, valued at $544,508; 132,451 



bushels of quinces, valued at $135,345; and 9,805 

 bushels of apricots, valued at $14,490. 



The total production of nuts in 1909 was 2,773,858 

 pounds, valued at $74,420. The more important produc- 

 tions of the various nuts were 286,227 pounds of chest- 

 nuts, valued at $23,589; 1,519,279 pounds of butter- 

 nuts, valued at $21,631 ; 487,768 pounds of hickory-nuts, 

 valued at $16,742; 465,918 pounds of black walnuts, 

 valued at $11,485; and 9,346 pounds of Persian or 

 English walnuts, valued at $858. 



The number of grape-vines of bearing age in 1910 

 was 31,802,097; those not of bearing age, 3,801,800. 

 The production of grapes in 1909 was 253,006,361 

 pounds, valued at $3,961,677, thus forming an impor- 

 tant industry. 



Of the small-fruits grown in New York, strawberries, 

 raspberries and loganberries are the most important, 

 with currants ranking next. The acreage of strawber- 

 ries decreased from 7,311, in 1899, to 6,382 in 1909, 

 when the production was 15,945,863 quarts, valued at 

 $1,187,410. Raspberries and loganberries decreased 

 in acreage from 12,376, in 1899, to 11,057 in 1909, when 

 the production was 14,751,940 quarts, valued at 

 $1,168,062. Currants decreased in acreage from 

 2,594, in 1899, to 2,557 in 1909, when the production 

 was 3,982,389 quarts, valued at $264,051. The pro- 

 duction of other small-fruits in 1909 was 2,509,851 

 quarts of blackberries and dewberries, valued at 

 $210,986; 331,135 quarts of gooseberries, valued at 

 $23,427; and 327,370 quarts of cranberries, valued 

 at $20,743. 



The value of vegetables, produced in 1909, excluding 

 the potato, was $15,963,384, not exceeded by any other 

 state in the United States in value of vegetable prod- 

 ucts. The leading vegetables grown in 1909 were: 

 35,269 acres of cabbage, valued at $2,335,999; 2,926 

 acres of celery, valued at $946,424; 23,739 acres of 

 sweet corn, valued at $942,023; 5,558 acres of onions, 

 valued at $954,610; 16,992 acres of green peas, valued 

 at $815,256; 8,636 acres of tomatoes, valued at 

 $775,803. Other important vegetables grown in 1909 

 were asparagus, green beans, beets, carrots, cauliflower, 

 lettuce and turnips, spinach, rhubarb, radishes, pars- 

 nips, horse-radish, cucumbers, cantaloupes, and 

 muskmelons. 



New York ranks first among the states in the pro- 

 duction of flowers and plants. The acreage devoted to 

 this industry increased from 1,496, in 1899, to 2,979 

 in 1909. The area under glass in 1909 was 15,066,587 

 square feet, of which 13,876,857 were covered by green- 

 houses and 1,189,730 were covered by sashes and frames. 

 The value of the flowers and plants produced in 1909 

 was $5,148,949, as compared with $2,867,673 in 1899. 



New York also ranks first in the value of nursery- 

 products produced. The acreage devoted to this 

 industry increased from 8,238, in 1899, to 8,680 in 1909. 

 The value of the nursery products in 1909 was $2,750,- 

 957, as compared with $1,642,107 in 1899. 



U. P. HEDRICK. 

 New Jersey. 



Considering its area, New Jersey (Fig. 2494) is 

 wonderfully favored in its range of soil and climatic 

 conditions. In the northern part, the land is rolling and 

 hilly, with areas rich in lime and mineral plant-food, and 

 with climatic conditions suitable for such apples as the 

 Baldwin and Greening. South of this hilly area is a 

 plains region crossing the counties of Somerset and 

 Hunterdon, where varieties requiring a little longer 

 season should be grown. The southern half of the state 

 has soil types varying from clay loams to the lightest 

 sand, offering ideal conditions for the growing of all 

 crops from the sweet potato to celery, corn and grass, 

 and from the cranberry to the peach. The southern 

 counties have conditions resembling those of the Dela- 

 ware and Maryland peninsula and early truck crops can 



