2172 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



varieties as Greensboro, Carman, Lola, Hiley, Belle, 

 Elberta, Frances, Iron Mountain and Krummel. Ship- 

 ments were made in sixteen-quart baskets almost ex- 

 clusively about 1900, but the Georgia carrier is now 

 preferred for shipments by rail. The sixteen-quart and 

 twenty-quart baskets are still used extensively where 

 the fruit is hauled direct to the Philadelphia and local 

 markets. 



Pears are still grown in large quantities in Burlington, 

 Gloucester, Camden and Monmouth counties, but 

 apples and peaches have received more attention since 

 the pear-blight appeared. In spite of this disease, how- 

 ever, the industry is holding its place. Such sorts "as 

 Bartlett, Seckel, Kieffer, Duchess and Lawrence are 

 the most widely grown. 



Plums are not being planted to any extent commer- 

 cially. Most of this fruit is now produced in Bergen, 

 Somerset and Morris counties. 



The planting of sour cherries is on the increase, 

 especially in Burlington and in counties south of it. 

 Early Richmond and Montmorency are the most 

 popular sorts. 



Sweet cherries are planted to a limited extent only. 

 Quinces are just beginning to receive attention commer- 

 cially under modern methods and increased plantings 

 are likely to be made each year. 



The annual production of small-fruits holds nearly 

 equal rank to that of the tree-fruits in New Jersey with 

 a total area exceeding 24,000 acres. And of these the 

 strawberry leads with an acreage exceeding 8,600 acres. 

 Cumberland, Burlington and Atlantic counties lead in 

 the production of this fruit. 



The cranberry industry is the most extensive of any 

 state in the Union. Over 9,000 acres are devoted to 

 this crop. The features of the industry are the develop- 

 ment of distinct varieties and the fertilizing and spray- 

 ing of the bogs. This industry is centered in Burling- 

 ton, Atlantic and Ocean counties. 



Blackberries, dewberries and raspberries are exten- 

 sively grown in all the southern counties of the state. 

 The center of the industry is in Atlantic County about 

 Hammontqn. The Ranere (St. Regis) raspberry is said 

 to have originated in this district. Ward is the most 

 popular variety of blackberry, and Lucretia is the 

 only dewberry grown to any extent. Currants and 

 gooseberries are being planted in larger quantities, 

 especially in Burlington, Monmouth, Camden and Ber- 

 gen counties. Red Cross, Fay and Wilder are leading 

 commercial currants, while Downing leads as a goose- 

 berry. 



The planting of vineyards is increasing. Large 

 numbers of small vineyards are being set by Italian 

 farmers in Atlantic, Cumberland and Gloucester 

 counties. Vineyards of 100 acres or more in extent 

 occur in Cumberland and Camden counties. The most 

 popular varieties are Concord, Ives, Niagara, Diamond 

 and Moore Early. 



The motor-truck is becoming an important factor 

 in New Jersey horticulture. Some fruit-growers and 

 truckers are becoming independent of the railroads in 

 getting their produce to market. 



The following men did much to advance horticulture 

 in New Jersey in early years: George Thurber, Passaic; 

 E. Williams, Montclair; W. R. Ward, Lyons Farms; 

 Joseph Ward, Lyons Farms; Patrick Quinn, Newark; 

 Peter Henderson, Jersey City; Col. A. T. Pearson, 

 Viiieland; William Parry, Cinnaminson, and John Repp, 

 Glassboro. 



Public-service agencies for horticulture. 



The land-grant college of New Jersey was established 

 at New Brunswick in 1864 in connection with Rutgers 

 College. There are now three men on the horticultural 

 staff. 



Both the College Station and the State Experiment 

 Station are located in New Brunswick. The State 



Station is the only one conducting special horticultural 

 investigations at the present time, and the staff con- 

 sists of seven men. Much plant-breeding work with 

 vegetables is being conducted at the College Experi- 

 ment Station, which can be classed as either botanical 

 or horticultural. Extensive peach investigations are 

 conducted in different parts of the state but principally 

 at Vineland where about 12 acres of land are leased by 

 the Station. Eight bulletins have been issued relative 

 to fruit-culture; thirteen to vegetable crops and one 

 relative to both; thirty-six bulletins to insects injurious 

 to fruits and vegetables; fourteen to diseases of fruits 

 and vegetables, and one to both insects and diseases 

 of fruits and vegetables. Five circulars and special 

 bulletins have been issued in regard to fruit, three upon 

 vegetable crops and ten upon insects and diseases 

 affecting vegetable crops. One bulletin upon rose-cul- 

 ture is now ready for issue. 



Three vocational schools have just been established 

 in Atlantic County in which horticulture is taught. 

 Horticulture is also taught in a few of the high-schools, 

 especially at Freehold. 



There is no provision made for horticulture in any 

 state department at present. Extension work in horti- 

 culture is being conducted by one specialist and assist- 

 ant in fruit-growing and one specialist in market- 

 gardening. 



Inspection of nursery stock for insects and diseases is 

 in charge of the State Entomologist, and the State Plant 

 Pathologist, who are both members of the Station staff. 



The New Jersey State Horticultural Society has been 

 an important factor in the progress of horticulture in 

 New Jersey. This Society was organized August 17, 

 1875, at New Brunswick. George Thurber was elected 

 as first president. A vegetable section was formed in 

 December, 1914, in order to bring about cooperation 

 between the trucking and fruit interests. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of New Jersey in 1910 

 was 4,808,960 'acres. The land in farms was 53.5 per 

 cent of the land area, or 2,573,857 acres. Of this area 

 in farms, 1,803,336 acres were improved land; 538,131 

 acres were in woodland; and 232,390 acres was other 

 unimproved land in farms. The number of all the farms 

 in 1910 was 33,487 and the average acreage to the farm 

 76.9. [The total area of the state is 8,224 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops are cereals and hay and 

 forage. The acreage devoted to cereals decreased from 

 588,853 in 1899 to 503,651 in 1909, when the value of 

 the production was $9,797,937. Hay and forage de- 

 creased in acreage from 444,610 in 1899 to 401,315 in 

 1909, when the production was valued at $7,627,402. 

 The value of the forest products of the farms in 1909 

 was $758,515, as compared with $469,055 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops produced in New Jersey are 

 fruits and nuts, small-fruits, vegetables including pota- 

 toes and sweet potatoes, and flowers and plants and 

 nursery products. The value of the fruits and nuts 

 produced in 1909 was $2,115,321 as compared with 

 $2,697,399 in 1899. Small-fruits decreased in acreage 

 from 25,350 in 1899 to 24,069 in 1909, when 38,822,987 

 quarts were produced, valued at $1,954,125. In 1909 

 the total acreage of vegetables, including potatoes and 

 sweet potatoes, was 181,722, and their value $14,073,- 

 467. Vegetables, excluding the potato and sweet 

 potato, increased in acreage from 77,779 in 1899 to 86,- 

 227 in 1909, when the production was valued at $7,566,- 

 493. It is thus seen that the raising of vegetables is a 

 very important industry in New Jersey, as 34.9 per 

 cent of the total value of all crops in 1909 was produced 

 by the vegetables, including potatoes. The raising of 

 flowers and plants and nursery products is of consider- 

 able importance, the acreage having increased from 

 2,395 in 1899 to 3,603 in 1909, when the production 

 was valued at $3,539,523. 



