2176 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



duction was valued at $45,623,573, which was 27.4 per 

 cent of the total value of all crops. Tobacco increased 

 in acreage from 27,760 in 1899 to 41,742 in 1909, when 

 the production was valued at $3,926,116. The value of 

 the forest products of the farms was $7,986,599 in 1909, 

 as compared with $6,481,181 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops raised in Pennsylvania are fruits 

 and nuts, small-fruits, potatoes and other vegetables 

 and flowers and plants and nursery products. The 

 value of the fruits and nuts produced in 1909 was 

 $9,619,156, as compared with $8,707,131 in 1899. 

 Small-fruits decreased in acreage from 12,271 in 1899 

 to 8,678 in 1909, when the production was 13,620,047 

 quarts, valued at $1,175,016. The total acreage of 

 potatoes and other vegetables in 1909 was 357,430 

 acres and their value $22,092,197. Excluding potatoes, 

 the acreage of the other vegetables increased from 

 79,126 in 1899 to 94,111 in 1909, when the production 

 was valued at $10,013,920. The acreage devoted to the 

 production of flowers and plants and nursery products 

 increased from 4,274 in 1899 to 4,860 in 1909, when the 

 production was valued at $4,725,987. 



The production of all orchard-fruits in 1909 was 

 13,285,953 bushels, valued at $8,677,986. The pro- 

 duction of apples, the most important of the orchard- 

 fruits, was, in 1909, 1 1,048,430 bushels, valued at $5,557,- 

 616. The number of apple trees of bearing age in 1910 

 was 8,000,456; those not of bearing age, 2,501,185. 

 The number of peach and nectarine trees of bearing age, 

 in 1910 was 2,383,027; those not of bearing age, 

 2,179,386. The production in 1909 was 1,023,570 

 bushels, valued at $1,351,175. The other orchard- 

 fruits produced were 378,825 bushels of pears, valued at 

 $356,240; 295,158 bushels of plums and prunes, valued 

 at $396,005; 475,093 bushels of cherries, valued at 

 $909,975; 62,350 bushels of quinces, valued at $102,431; 

 and 2,502 bushels of apricots, valued at $4,497. 



The production of grapes in 1909 was 34,020,198 

 pounds, valued at $850,708. The grape-vines of bearing 

 age in 1910 numbered 5,271,264; those not of bearing 

 age, 8,252,811. 



The total production of nuts in 1909 was 3,795,804 

 pounds, valued at $90,447. The individual produc- 

 tion of the various nuts was: 2,162,471 pounds of black 

 walnuts, valued at $39,306; 593,200 pounds of hickory- 

 nuts, valued at $25,348; 233,834 pounds of chest- 

 nuts, valued at $15,185; 782,415 pounds of butternuts, 

 valued at $9,408; 14,885 pounds of pecans, valued at 

 $532; and 4,523 pounds of Persian or English walnuts, 

 valued at $516. 



Strawberries are the most important of the small- 

 fruits grown in Pennsylvania, with raspberries and 

 loganberries second in importance. The acreage of 

 strawberries decreased from 5,667 in 1899 to 4,136 in 

 1909, when the production was 9,033,904 quarts, valued 

 at $759,154. Raspberries and loganberries decreased 

 in acreage from 3,938 in 1899 to 2,594 in 1909, when the 

 production was 2,906,302 quarts, valued at $272,337. 

 Blackberries and dewberries decreased in acreage from 

 1,383 in 1899 to 1,235 in 1909, when the production 

 was 1,063,257 quarts, valued at $91,007. Other small- 

 fruits produced were: 493,871 quarts of currants, 

 valued at $42,181; 109,104 quarts of gooseberries, 

 valued at $9,047; and 5,728 quarts of cranberries, 

 valued at $503. 



The acreage of potatoes in Pennsylvania increased 

 from 227,867 in 1899 to 262,013 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was 21,740,611 bushels, valued at $11,973,843. 

 The more important of the other vegetables produced 

 in 1909 were: 11,764 acres of sweet corn, valued at 

 $507,736; 5,679 acres of cabbage, valued at $502,969; 

 4,204 acres of tomatoes, valued at $412,519; 1,096 

 acres of celery, valued at $254,693; 1,191 acres of 

 asparagus, valued at $174,965; 551 acres of onions, 

 valued at $107,307; and 1,752 acres of turnips, valued 

 at $86,079. Vegetables the production of which was 



valued between $10,000 and $50,000 were green beans, 

 beets, cantaloupes and muskmelons, carrots, cucumbers, 

 horse-radish, lettuce, green peas, radishes, rhubarb, 

 spinach, and watermelons. Vegetable products, the 

 production of which was valued at less than $10,000, 

 were cauliflower, pop-corn, eggplant, kale, parsley, 

 parsnips, green peppers, pumpkins, rutabagas and 

 squash. 



Flowers and plants increased in acreage from 1,073 

 in 1899 to 2,032 in 1909. The area under glass in 1909 

 was 13,846,672 square feet, of which 12,887,672 were 

 covered by greenhouses, and 959,000 by sashes and 

 frames. The value of the flowers and plants produced 

 in 1909 was $3,803,418, as compared with $2,246,075 

 in 1899. 



The acreage .devoted to nursery products decreased 

 from 3,201 in 1899 to 2,828 in 1909, when the value 

 of the nursery products produced was $922,569, as 

 compared with $541,032 in 1899. The production of 

 flower and vegetable seeds was valued at $36,316 in 

 1909, as compared with $104,229 in 1899. 



JOHN P. STEWART. 



EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES. 

 Ohio. 



Ohio (Fig. 2496) is essentially an agricultural state. 

 This is not because the soil and climate are not adapted 

 to the production of horticultural products, but rather 

 for the reason that in early days the markets for fruit 

 and vegetables were limited. With the growth of cities 

 and the opening of markets in other states and coun- 

 tries, there has been a steady increase in the produc- 

 tion of most kinds of horticultural products which 

 are adapted to the climate. 



The climate is well suited to fruit-culture except in 

 an occasional season. Even in such cases, losses by 

 extreme cold may usually be avoided by proper selec- 

 tion of site. There are only limited areas where the 

 soils are unadapted either to fruits or vegetables. 

 There are many soils which are found to be well 

 adapted to specialized crop-production. The annual 

 rainfall is about 38 inches and crop failures because 

 of severe drought seldom occur. 



The influence of Lake Erie, on the north, is very 

 marked upon fruit-culture in general. In that region, 

 peach buds are seldom killed in winter, while both 

 early and late frosts seldom harm early blossoms or 

 late-ripening fruits. Fruit-production for this reason 

 has been greatly stimulated in that region. Convenience 

 to markets has been a potent factor also. The soil in 

 the lake region varies from a sandy to heavy clay, thus 

 making it possible to grow all of the fruits which thrive 

 within- the state. More back-to-trie-land fruit-growers 

 are found in this region than in any other part of the 

 state. The larger number, however, are men of con- 

 siderable practical experience, most of whom are suc- 

 cessful along special lines of fruit-culture. 



The hill lands in the southern and eastern parts of 

 the state constitute another distinct division suitable 

 for most kinds of fruits. The special virtue of these 

 lands is that they give high color, good flavor and 

 excellent keeping quality to apples, peaches and pears. 

 This is particularly true of the greatest elevations. 

 Comparative freedom from frost is another virtue of 

 the hill lands. In many cases, however, the soil on the 

 hills is much worn and lacking in humus. The success 

 of the Experiment Station in the use of commercial 

 fertilizer on apple orchards in this region has stimu- 

 lated apple-growers to practise better methods. Many 

 orchards have been brought back from low crop-pro- 

 duction to a very satisfactory condition of fruitfulness. 

 The restoration of humus has not kept pace with fer- 

 tilizing, but without doubt this important feature of 

 orchard rejuvenation will not be neglected much longer. 



