2178 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



ing closely what is termed the "wheat belt." Hamilton 

 produces more early potatoes than any other county. 



Celery and onions are grown largely on mucklands in 

 Hardin, Huron, Medina, Wayne, Cuyahoga, Stark and 

 Ashtabula counties. It has been found possible to sub- 

 irrigate some of these muck farms, making crop pro- 

 duction more sure. 



Tomatoes are grown in various parts of the state, in 

 large quantities for canning factories. In the south- 

 eastern part of the state, near Marietta, several hun- 

 dred acres are devoted to growing early tomatoes. 

 Staking the plants is the universal practice, as it is 

 conducive to early maturity. 



Early cabbage is grown in the same locality and at 

 various other points along the Ohio River. Late cab- 

 bage, for krout, is an important crop in Sandusky and 

 Seneca counties. 



Several thousand acres, in various parts of the state, 

 are devoted to cucumbers for pickling establishments. 

 Canneries use sweet corn, tomatoes and peas almost 

 exclusively, except peaches in the peach-belt. 



Vegetable-culture under glass has assumed very large 

 proportions at Ashtabula, Cleveland, Columbus, 

 Newark and Toledo, but vegetable houses of consider- 

 able size are found in all parts of the state. Grand 

 Rapids lettuce, tomatoes and cucumbers are the prin- 

 cipal crops grown. 



There are about 300 acres under glass within the 

 state devoted to vegetable-culture, with an invest- 

 ment of $6,000,000. One house in Toledo covering 10 

 acres, is said to be the largest in the world devoted to 

 vegetable-culture. Vegetable-forcing about Cincinnati 

 has been conducted mostly in hotbeds and coldframes, 

 but greenhouses are now taking the place of beds. 

 The greatest development of this industry is at Ashta- 

 bula, Toledo, Cleveland, Columbus, Newark, and Bar- 

 berton. Small houses are also found in many towns. 

 The usual custom is to change the soil in vegetable 

 houses at frequent intervals. Soil-sterilization by 

 steaming is practised, and manure or some fresh com- 

 post added each year. It has been found that mulching 

 the soil with coarse manures as soon as the spring 

 crops are off, and watering frequently, answers essen- 

 tially the same purpose as sterilization. Beds have been 

 kept in good condition eight years by this method. 



Floral establishments are found in nearly every city 

 and town. The larger number of these are for cut- 

 flowers but a few do a mail order business and others 

 grow pot and bedding plants. 



The nursery business is very large and supplies more 

 trees than are needed within the state, possibly apple 

 trees excepted. A large increase in ornamental stock 

 is reported, and there is evident improvement in 

 methods of planting home grounds. 



Among those influential in the early development of 

 Ohio horticulture are: J. P. Kirtland (Volume III, page 

 1582); J. A. Warder (page 1602), with whom were 

 closely associated Nicholas Longworth (page 1585), 

 A. H. Ernst (page 1574), S. S. Jackson and A. H. 

 Hoopes; George W. Campbell (page 1568); M. B. 

 Bateham; F. R. Elliott (page 1574); Nelson Cox, who 

 demonstrated the feasibility of apple-culture on the 

 hill lands of the state; A. W. Livingston, who greatly 

 improved the tomato and N. Ohmer. 



Public-service agencies for horticulture. 



The College of Agriculture of Ohio is located at 

 Columbus. There are six teaching members of the 

 horticultural staff. 



The Experiment Station is at Wooster. Much 

 experimental work is in progress at three branch sta- 

 tions, or test farms, belonging to the station, and six 

 county farms under station control. 



The Bureau of Nursery and Orchard Inspection at 

 Columbus has charge of the inspection work. 



The first horticultural organization was the Ohio 



Pomological Society in 1847. The name was afterward 

 changed to the Ohio State Horticultural Society. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of Ohio in 1910 was 26,- 

 073,600 acres. The land in farms was 92.5 per cent of 

 the land area, or 24,105,708 acres. Of this land in farms, 

 the improved farm land numbered 19,227,969 acres; the 

 woodland 3,285,376 acres; and other unimproved land 

 in farms 1,592,363 acres. The total number of farms 

 in 1910 was 272,045, and the average acreage 88.6 acres. 

 [The total area of the state is 41,040 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops of Ohio are cereals, 

 hay and forage, tobacco, and forest products of farms. 

 The acreage devoted to cereals decreased from 8,214,960 

 in 1899 to 7,649,873 in 1909, when the production was 

 valued at $137,907,934, which was 59.9 per cent of 

 the total value of all crops of the state. The acreage 

 of hay and forage was 3,015,261 in 1899 and 3,306,461 

 in 1909, when the production was valued at $42,357,364. 

 Tobacco increased in acreage from 71,422 in 1899 to 

 106,477 in 1909, when the product was valued at $8,998,- 

 887. Forest products of farms in 1909 were valued at 

 $5,761,941, as compared with $5,625,897 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops produced in Ohio are fruits and 

 nuts, small-fruits, potatoes and vegetables, and flowers, 



Elants, and nursery products. In 1909 the value of the 

 *uits and nuts produced was $6,561,861, as compared 

 with $7,138,734 in 1899. Small-fruits decreased in 

 acreage from 21,121 in 1899 to 11,591 in 1909, when the 

 production was 15,721,023 quarts, valued at $1,296,343. 

 In 1909 the total acreage of potatoes and other vege- 

 tables was 337,412, and their value $20,875,927. 

 Excluding potatoes, the acreage of the other vege- 

 tables increased from 103,346 in 1899 to 123,461 in 

 1909, when the production was valued at $11,393,791. 

 The raising of flowers and plants and nursery products 

 is of considerable importance, the acreage having 

 increased from 5,384 in 1899 to 5,788 in 1909, when 

 the production was valued at $3,245,181. 



The total production of orchard-fruits produced in 



1909 was 6,711,208 bushels, valued at $5,691,530. 

 Apples contributed about two-thirds of this quantity, 

 and peaches and nectarines most of the remainder. 

 The number of apple trees of bearing age in 1910 was 

 8,504,886; those not of bearing age 2,438,436. The 

 production in 1909 was 4,663,752 bushels, valued at 

 $2,970,851. The number of peach and nectarine trees 

 of bearing age in 1910 was 3,133,368; those not of bear- 

 ing age, 2,092,300. The production in 1909 was 1,036,- 

 340 bushels, valued at $1,349,311. The production of 

 other orchard-fruits was: pears, 374,871 bushels, valued 

 at $332,727; cherries, 338,644 bushels, valued at 

 $657,406; 215,657 bushels of plums and prunes, valued 

 at $278,505; 81,101 bushels of quinces, valued at $101,- 

 369; and 835 bushels of apricots, valued at $1,343. 



The production of grapes in 1909 was 43,933,207 

 pounds, valued at $858,594. The vines of bearing age in 



1910 numbered 8,326,800; not of bearing age, 455,750. 

 The production of nuts in 1909 was 559,093 pounds, 



valued at $11,691. This production consisted of 

 354,135 pounds of black walnuts, valued at $4,645; 

 135,626 pounds of hickory-nuts, valued at $3,856; 

 36,091 pounds of chestnuts, valued at $2,584; 29,100 

 pounds of butternuts, valued at $360; 2,461 pounds of 

 Persian or English walnuts, valued at $154; and 1,010 

 pounds of pecans, valued at $70. 



Strawberries are by far the most important of the 

 small-fruits, with raspberries and loganberries, and 

 blackberries and dewberries second and third respec- 

 tively. The acreage of strawberries decreased from 

 9,373 in 1899 to 4,706 in 1909, when the production 

 was 8,501,065 quarts, valued at $677,767. Raspberries 

 and loganberries decreased in acreage from 6,795 in 

 1809 to 3,869 in 1909, when the production was 

 4,029,480 quarts, valued at $364,272. The acreage of 



