NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2181 



Public-service agencies for horticulture. 



Early in 1865, the State Legislature obligated the 

 state to "accept and claim the benefits of the provisions 

 of the Acts of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, and 

 April 4, 1864," which provided for the land-grant col- 

 leges. The state further accepted donations from John 

 Purdue and other citizens of Tippecanoe County, and 

 in 1869 the Legislature located the University at 

 Lafayette. This same act provided that the institution 

 be called "Purdue University." While named after a 

 private individual, the University is, however, a land- 

 grant college and is exclusively under state control. 

 The work of this institution is divided into three dis- 

 trict divisions: The Collegiate Departments; Agricul- 

 tural Experiment Station; and Agricultural Extension 

 Department. There are thirteen members of the horti- 

 cultural staff. Forty-two bulletins have been issued 

 from the horticultural department. 



Several of the secondary colleges of the state are 

 offering either special work in horticulture or courses in 

 applied botany. The most complete course of this kind 

 is that offered by Winona Agricultural College. Under 

 a legislative act of 1911, the teaching of agriculture 

 became compulsory in the rural schools. Special courses 

 in fruit-growing and vegetable-gardening have been 

 outlined and published for the seventh and eighth 

 grades and for high-schools. This rural school work is 

 closely supervised either by the special county agri- 

 cultural agents or special agricultural supervisors. 



The state maintains a special department for the 

 enforcement of horticultural laws. This division is 

 headed by the State Entomologist. His main duty is 

 that of guarding against the introduction and spread 

 of noxious insects and plant diseases. 



The Horticultural Society is one of the most impor- 

 tant public-service agencies for horticulture in Indiana. 

 It was founded in 1860. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of Indiana, according to 

 the Census Report of 1910, is 23,068,800 acres. The 

 land in farms is 92.3 per cent of the land area, or 

 21,299,823 acres. The number of acres of improved 

 land in farms is 16,931,252; that of woodland 3,370,- 

 791, and other unimproved land in farms numbers 

 997,780 acres. The number of all the farms in the 

 state, in 1910, was 215,485. The average acreage to a 

 farm was 98.8. [The total area is 36,354 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops of the state are cereals 

 and hay and forage. In 1909, the cereals contributed 

 about three-fourths, or 74.4 per cent of the total value of 

 all crops, and hay and forage about one-eighth, or 12.2 

 per cent. Of the improved land in the state in 1909, 

 51.7 per cent, or 8,752,732 acres were occupied by 

 cereals, the products of which amounted to $151,- 

 898,146. The acreage of hay and forage in 1909 was 

 2,300,579, and the value of the products, $24,883,461. 

 The acreage devoted to tobacco in Indiana increased 

 from 8,219, in 1899, to 23,694 in 1909, when the 

 value of the products was $2,145,193. The value of 

 the forest products of the farms of Indiana, in 1909, 

 was $5,603,322, about the same as in 1899. when it was 

 $5,235,459. 



Horticultural crops grown are fruits and nuts; small- 

 fruits; vegetables, including potatoes, sweet potatoes 

 and yams; and flowers and plants and nursery products. 

 The total value of fruits and nuts grown in 1909 was 

 $4,004,367, as compared with $3,522,896, their value 

 in 1899. The acreage devoted to raising small-fruits 

 decreased from 13,115 acres, in 1899, to 5,919 acres in 

 1909, when 7,424,831 quarts of fruit were produced, 

 valued at $612,725. In 1909, the total acreage of 

 potatoes and other vegetables was 215,332, and their 

 value, $11,454,036. Excluding potatoes, and sweet 

 potatoes and yams, the acreage of the other vegetables 

 was 114,267, and their value, $7,498,024, as compared 



with an acreage of 95,434 in 1899, when the value of 

 their products was $4,524,435. The acreage devoted 

 to the growing of flowers and plants and nursery prod- 

 ucts increased from 1,820 acres, in 1899, to 2,346 in 

 1909, when the products were valued at $1,624,278. 

 The total quantity of orchard-fruits produced in 

 1909 was 4,713,537 bushels, valued at $3,709,275. 

 Apples contributed more than half of this quantity, 

 with peaches and nectarines next in importance. The 



E reduction of apples alone, in 1909, was 2,759,134 

 ushels, valued at $1,720,811; that of peaches and 

 nectarines, 1.174,389 bushels, valued at $1,123,248; 

 that of cherries, 363,993 bushels, valued at $508,516; 

 and that of pears, 319,925 bushels, valued at $243,698. 

 Plums and prunes were produced to the value of 

 $89,073; quinces, to the value of $22,431; apricots, to 

 the value of $1,472; and mulberries, to the value of $26. 



The grape-vines of bearing age in 1910 were 1,049,232, 

 and those not of bearing age, 149,441. The production 

 in 1909 was 12,817,353 pounds, valued at $287,707. 



The total production of nuts in 1909 was 439,644 

 pounds, valued at $7,344. Black walnuts are by far the 

 most important of the nuts grown in Indiana. In 1909 

 the production of black walnuts was 378,842 pounds, 

 valued at $4,386; that of pecans, 19,287 pounds, valued 

 at $1,940; and that of hickory-nuts, 31,950 pounds, 

 valued at $753. 



The total acreage of small-fruits in 1909 was 5,919, 

 and in 1899, 13,115, a decrease of 54.9 per cent. The 

 production in 1909 was 7,424,831 quarts, as compared 

 with 22,088,000 quarts in 1899, and the value, $612,725, 

 as compared with $1,113,527. Strawberries are by far 

 the most important of the small-fruits, with raspberries 

 and loganberries, and blackberries and dewberries 

 ranking second and third respectively. The acreage of 

 strawberries decreased from 4,714, in 1899, to 2,574 in 

 1909, when the production was 3,759,132 quarts, 

 valued at $310,430. The acreage of raspberries and 

 loganberries decreased from 3,277, in 1899, to 1,412 in 

 1909, when the production was 1,595,921 quarts, valued 

 at $140,204; and the acreage of blackberries and dew- 

 berries decreased from 3,192, in 1899, to 1,347 in 1909, 

 when the production was 1,482,909 quarts, valued at 

 $113,322. Other small-fruits produced in 1909 were 

 320,963 quarts of gooseberries, valued at $25,682; 

 208,049 quarts of currants, valued at $16,901; and 7,552 

 quarts of cranberries, valued at $498. 



Of the vegetables grown in Indiana, the potato is 

 by far the most important. In 1909, the acreage devoted 

 to the potato was 99,504, and the production was 8,905,- 

 679 bushels, valued at $3,816,126. The leading vege- 

 tables grown in 1909, their acreage and value of prod- 

 ucts were: tomatoes, 18,472 acres, value of product, 

 $501,180; onions, 4,048 acres, valued at $488,811; 

 watermelons, 7,915 acres, valued at $291,027; canta- 

 loupes and muskmelons, 3,855 acres, valued at $198,531 ; 

 sweet corn, 7,977 acres, valued at $188,054; sweet 

 potatoes and yams, 1,561 acres, valued at $139,886; 

 cabbage, 2,107 acres, valued at $126,052; cucumbers, 

 2,095 acres, valued at $111,268; and green peas, 4,084 

 acres, valued at $103,613. Vegetables of less impor- 

 tance grown were asparagus, beans, celery, pop-corn, 

 lettuce, radishes, rhubarb, and turnips. 



The growing of flowers and plants is of some impor- 

 tance in Indiana, the acreage increasing from 174 acres, 

 in 1899, to 496 acres in 1909, an increase of 185.1 per 

 cent. The area of land under glass, in 1909, was 3,741,- 

 269 square feet, of which 3,650,443 square feet were 

 covered by greenhouses and 90,826 square feet by 

 sashes and frames. The value of the flowers and plants, 

 in 1909, was $1,212,891, as compared with $400,730, in 

 1899, an increase of 202.7 per cent. 



The acreage devoted to the growing of nursery 

 products increased from 1,646 acres, in 1899, to 1,850 

 acres in 1909, an increase of 12.4 per cent. The value 

 of the nursery products sold in 1909 was $411,387, as 



