NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2187 



when the name changed to "The State Horticultural 

 Society." There are also in Michigan some twenty 

 local county or district horticultural societies, auxil- 

 iary to the State Society. A number of cooperative 

 organizations have been organized for the purpose of 

 providing for a better distribution of fruit, securing 

 improved transportation facilities, shipping in carload 

 lots, and so far as possible selling direct to the retailer. 

 There have been three associations which have handled 

 the grapes in the Lawton district for a number of years 

 to the general satisfaction of the growers, and while 

 some among the other associations have been more or 

 less failures, in many instances excellent results have 

 been attained. 



The State Board of Agriculture is in charge of the 

 nursery and orchard inspection and the enforcement 

 of the laws relating to the spraying for dangerous 

 insects and diseases. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of Michigan in 1910 was 

 36,787,200 acres. The land in farms was 51.5 per cent 

 of the land area, or 18,940,614 acres. Of the land in 

 farms, 12,832,078 acres were improved land; 2,927,554 

 were woodland; and 3,180,982 acres other unimproved 

 land. The total number of farms in 1910 was 206,960. 

 The average number of acres to a farm was 91.5. [The 

 total area is 57,980 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops of the state are cereals, 

 hay and forage, and forest products of the farms. 

 Cereals, in 1909, occupied 34.4 per cent of the improved 

 land, or 4,415,629 acres. The value of the cereals in 

 1909 was $70,544,250, or 43.5 per cent of the total value 

 of all crops. Hay and forage, in 1909, occupied 21.2 

 per cent of the improved land, or 2,715,301 acres, and 

 the value of hay and forage for the same year was 

 $36,040,087, or 22.2 per cent of the total value of all 

 crops. The value of the forest products of the farms 

 in 1909 was $7,911,901, as compared with $7,530,369 

 in 1899. Sugar beets are also grown extensively, par- 

 ticularly in the "Thumb" section of the state, the 

 acreage increasing from 40,624 in 1899 to 79,195 in 1909, 

 an increase of 94.9 per cent, when the value of the 

 production was $4,032,718. 



Horticultural crops grown are fruits and nuts, small- 

 fruits, vegetables including potatoes, and flowers and 

 plants and nursery products. The value of the fruits 

 and nuts grown in 1909 was $10,570,855, as compared 

 with $4,186,549 in 1899. Small-fruits decreased in 

 acreage from 29,197 in 1899 to 21,414 in 1909, a de- 

 crease of 26.6 per cent, when the total value was $2,028,- 

 865. In 1909 the total acreage of potatoes and other 

 vegetables was 456,368 and their value $16,201,328. 

 The acreage of vegetables, excluding potatoes, was 

 90,861, an increase of 58 per cent over the acreage in 

 1899, and the value of these vegetables in 1909 was 

 $6,286,645. Flowers and plants and nursery products 

 increased in acreage from 2,060 in 1899 to 3,736 in 1909, 

 an increase of 81.4 per cent, when their value was 

 $1,786,538. 



The total quantity of orchard-fruits produced in 1909 

 was 15,220,104 bushels, valued at $9,020,842. Apples 

 contributed about four-fifths of this quantity, peaches 

 and nectarines and pears most of the remainder. The 

 number of apple trees of bearing age in 1910 was 

 7,534,343; those not of bearing age, 2,253,072. The pro- 

 duction in 1909 was 12,332,296 bushels, valued at 

 $5,969,080. The peach and nectarine trees of bearing 

 age in 1910 numbered 2,907,170; those not of bearing 

 age, 2,991,090. The production in 1909 was 1,686,586 

 bushels, valued at $1,700,330. The number of pear 

 trees of bearing age, in 1910 was 1,136,151; those not of 

 bearing age 623,931. The production in 1909 was 666,- 

 023 bushels, valued at $535,771. The production of 

 cherries in 1909 was 338,945 bushels, valued at $590,- 

 829; that of plums and prunes 181,188 bushels, valued 



at $205,765; and that of quinces 13,484 bushels, valued 

 at $16,858. 



The production of grapes in 1909 was 120,695,997 

 pounds, as compared with 41,530,369 pounds in 1899. 

 The value of grapes in 1909 was $1,531,057. The grape- 

 vines of bearing age in 1910 numbered 11,013,576; 

 those not of bearing age, 1,869,648. 



The total production of nuts in 1909 was 961,137 

 pounds, valued at $18,956. Most of the nuts consisted 

 of black walnuts, hickory-nuts, and chestnuts, there 

 being 546,779 pounds of black walnuts produced, 

 valued at $7,804; 276,015 pounds of hickory-nuts, 

 valued at $6,681; 112,488 pounds of butternuts, valued 

 at $1,552; and 23,369 pounds of chestnuts, valued at 

 $2,762. 



Strawberries are by far the most important of the 

 small-fruits raised in Michigan, with raspberries and 

 loganberries, and blackberries and dewberries ranking 

 second and third respectively. The acreage of straw- 

 berries decreased from 10,837 in 1899 to 8,051 in 1909, 

 when the production was 14,218,768 quarts, valued at 

 $1,000,788. The acreage of raspberries and loganberries 

 decreased from 10,193 in 1899 to 8,786 in 1909, when the 

 production was 8,381,943 quarts, valued at $695,019. 

 The acreage of blackberries and dewberries also decreased 

 from 4,385 in 1899 to 2,973 in 1909, when the produc- 

 tion was 3,075,954 quarts, valued at $218,174. There 

 were also produced 768,259 quarts of currants; valued 

 at $58,288; 403,680 quarts of gooseberries, valued at 

 $28,932; and 125,536 quarts of cranberries, valued at 

 $6,992. 



Of the vegetables, potatoes are by far the most 

 important. The acreage increased from 311,963 in 1899 

 to 365,483 in 1909, when 38,243,828 bushels were pro- 

 duced, valued at $9,913,778. Dry edible beans are 

 grown in Michigan also. In 1909 the acreage was 403,'- 

 669, from which were harvested 5,282,511 bushels, 

 valued at $9,716,315. Dry peas were produced to the 

 amount of 1,162,403 bushels, valued at $1,337,430. 

 Other vegetables of importance grown in 1909 were: 

 2,850 acres of celery, valued at $488,610; 7,061 acres of 

 cucumbers, valued at $342,042; 4,314 acres of cabbage, 

 valued at $257,144; 2,850 acres of tomatoes, valued at 

 $217,256; 5,726 acres of sweet corn, valued at $147,762; 

 1,829 acres of cantaloupes and muskmelons, valued at 

 $146,801; 1,130 acres of onions, valued at $146,507; and 

 4,548 acres of green peas, valued at $102,263. Vege- 

 tables of lesser importance were asparagus, green beans, 

 beets, carrots, cauliflower, pop-corn, horse-radish, 

 lettuce, parsnips, green peppers, radishes, rhubarb, 

 rutabagas, squash, turnips and watermelons. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers and 

 plants increased from 220 acres in 1899 to 702 in 1909, 

 an increase of 219.1 per cent. The total area under 

 glass in 1909 was 4,122,099 square feet, of which 3,922,- 

 772 were covered by greenhouses and 199,327 by sashes 

 and frames. The value of the products in 1909 was 

 $1,143,764. 



The acreage devoted to nursery products increased 

 from 1,840 in 1899 to 3,034 in 1909, an increase of 64.9 

 per cent, when the value of the nursery products was 

 $642,774. L . R . T AFT. 



Wisconsin. 



The surface of the state of Wisconsin (Fig. 2500) is, 

 in general, one of low relief. The lowest parts are about 

 600 feet and the highest nearly 2,000 feet above sea- 

 level. In the southwest quarter of the state the 

 unglaciated part differences in elevation from 200 to 

 500 feet within a distance of a mile or two are common, 

 and the area is hilly in general. In this hilly part of the 

 state, the drainage is perfect. There are no swamps or 

 lakes, and, while the soil in some parts is sandy, it is 

 mostly a rich clay and loam derived from the decay of 

 limestone. In the glaciated part of the state the sur- 

 face is undulating, local relief of more than 100 feet 



