NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



peaches and nectarines most of the remainder, the 

 production of apples being 9,968,977 bushels, valued 

 at $4,885,544; and that of peaches and nectarines 1,484,- 

 548 bushels, valued at $1,110,550. The number of 

 apple trees of bearing age in 1910 was 14,359,673; 

 those not of bearing age 3,624,833; peach and nectarine 

 trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 6,588,034; those 

 not of bearing age, 1,404,429. Other orchard-fruits pro- 

 duced in 1909 were: 123,314 bushels of cherries, valued at 

 $222,510; 142,547 bushels of pears, valued at $148,789; 

 234,872 bushels of plums and prunes, valued at $211,472; 

 and minor quantities of apricots, quinces, and mulberries. 



In 1909, 17,871,816 pounds of grapes were produced, 

 valued at $488,755. The grape-vines of bearing age in 

 1910 numbered 3,026,526; those not of bearing age 

 486,044. 



The total production of nuts in 1909 was 2,823,368 

 pounds, valued at $39,746. The greater quantity of 

 these were produced by black walnuts, the production 

 in 1909 being 2,446,402 pounds, valued at $24,526. 

 Pecans, next in importance, produced 147,420 pounds, 

 valued at $10,467; hickory-nuts produced 210,228 

 pounds, valued at $3,633; and Persian or English wal- 

 nuts, 5,791 pounds, valued at $618. 



Strawberries are by far the most important of the 

 small-fruits grown in Missouri, with blackberries and 

 dewberries second in importance. The acreage of straw- 

 berries increased from 7,498 in 1899 to 9,048 in 1909, 

 when the production was 15,171,034 quarts, valued at 

 $1,122,784. The acreage of blackberries and dewberries 

 increased from 4,441 acres in 1899 to 5,975 in 1909, 

 when the production was 6,391,209 quarts, valued at 

 $456,283. The production of raspberries and logan- 

 berries was 1,563,527 quarts, valued at $133,196; that 

 of gooseberries, 470,029 quarts, valued at 

 $39,941; that of currants, 91,207 quarts, 

 valued at $8,312; and that of cranberries, 

 6,944 quarts, valued at $618. 



The acreage devoted to the growing of 

 potatoes in Missouri increased from 93,915 in 

 1899 to 96,259 in 1909, when the produc- 

 tion was 7,796,410 bushels, valued at $4,470,- 

 135. The acreage devoted to the sweet 

 potato and yam was 7,938, in 1909, a de- 

 crease of 19.4 per cent from the acreage in 

 1899. The production in 1909 was 876,234 

 bushels, valued at $567,413. The more im- 

 portant of the other vegetables were: 11,083 

 acres of tomatoes, valued at $322,426; 10,727 

 acres of watermelons, valued at $258,940; 

 2,858 acres of sweet corn, valued at $80,928; 

 959 acres of cabbage, valued at $79,707; 1,701 

 acres of cantaloupes and muskmelons, valued 

 at $65,380; and 374 acres of horse-radish, 

 valued at $62,694. Vegetables of minor im- 

 portance produced in 1909 were asparagus, 

 green beans, beets, cauliflower, celery, pop- 

 corn, cucumbers, lettuce, onions, green peas, 

 green peppers, radishes, rhubarb and turnips. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers and 

 plants increased from 181 in 1899 to 383 in 1909, an 

 increase of 111.6 per cent. The total area under glass 

 was, in 1909, 2,812,221 square feet, of which 2,545,138 

 were covered by greenhouses and 267,083 by sashes 

 and frames. The value of the flowers and plants pro- 

 duced in 1909 was $653,903. 



The acreage devoted to nursery products, however, 

 decreased from 2,971 in 1899 to 2,459 in 1909, when the 

 value of the products was $529,394, as compared with 

 $349,449 in 1899. j. C . WHIITEN. 



North Dakota. 



North Dakota (Fig. 2504) lies between latitude 46 

 and 49 north, and longitude 96 25' and 104 west. The 

 special advantages of soil and climate for the produc- 



tion of grass and the small grains have given the state 

 great agricultural prominence, but little has been done 

 along horticultural lines. While it possesses undoubted 

 possibilities along certain lines of fruit-production, and 

 in the growing of certain vegetables can hardly be 

 excelled, yet these things have always been considered 

 incidental and not to be classed with the leading soil 

 industries. North Dakota settlers, for the most part, 

 did not come from fruit regions, and in no case have 

 they occupied the land with other intention than to 

 raise stock and grain. At the same time, as population 

 increases and homes become established, there is the 

 natural tendency to protect these homes with trees, 

 ornament them with shrubs and flowers, and furnish 

 the table with vegetables and fruit. 



The distinctive regions of North Dakota are referred 

 to as Red River Valley (Section 1), the Turtle Moun- 

 tain country (3), the Devil's Lake region (2), the 

 Mouse River country (4), the James River Valley (2), 

 the Missouri slope (5) and the western range country 

 (6), including the Bad Lands. The Red River Valley 

 is a level plain from 20 to 30 miles wide on the. North 

 Dakota side and extending across the state north and 

 south, thus embracing an uninterrupted area of some 

 6,000 square miles, all level and of great fertility. This 

 is preeminently the wheat-belt of the state, and the 

 character of the soil is such in both physical and chemi- 

 cal properties as to insure an excellent growth of such 

 plants as are hardy and will mature within the season. 

 The soil is a lacustrine deposit containing about 33 per 

 cent of very fine sand, 55 per cent clay and silt, and 12 

 per cent organic matter and soluble salts. It is so rich 

 in nitrogen and phosphoric acid as to be quite indiffer- 

 ent to fertilizers, even when applied to such garden 



2504. North Dakota, with the six areas. 



vegetables as demand the most fertile soils. It rarely 

 bakes under reasonable cultivation, is never lumpy and 

 is very retentive of moisture. It is unusually well 

 adapted to the cultivation of practically all vegetables, 

 particularly celery and other plants requiring a deep, 

 fine, easily worked soil. 



This general type of soil is not confined to the Red 

 River Valley, but is the predominating surface soil for 

 most of the state lying east of meridian 101 and of con- 

 siderable tracts still farther west. The subsoil in the 

 Red River Valley lying under 3 or 4 feet of very dark 

 loam is uniformly a soft yellowish clay extending to a 

 great depth. Much of the subsoil outside of the valley 

 is largely made up of firmly compacted sand, with a 

 small percentage of clay. Such lands are not so good 

 as those having the clay subsoil, but with the good 

 surface soil which they support they are capable of 

 producing large yields in seasons not too dry. They are 



