2212 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



$1,832,699, as compared with an acreage of 32,007 in 

 1899, valued at $1,144,221. The value of the fruits and 

 nuts grown in 1909 was $240,704 as compared with 

 $295,518 in 1899. The acreage of small-fruits in 1909 

 was 8,687, a decrease of 18 per cent from 1899, when the 

 acreage was 10,599. The value of the small-fruits in 



1909 was $649,732. Flowers and plants and nursery 

 products in Delaware increased in acreage from 204 in 

 1899 to 226 in -1909, when the value of their products 

 was $110,486. 



Of the orchard-fruits in 1909, the apples produced 

 more than one-half of the total production, and pears 

 most of the remainder. The number of bearing apple 

 trees in 1900 was 429,753; those not of bearing age, 

 263,813. The production in 1909 was 183,094 bushels, 

 valued at $115,371. The pear trees of bearing age in 



1910 were 449,692; those not of bearing age, 90,917. The 

 production in 1909 was 105,357 bushels, valued at 

 $52,022. The peach and nectarine trees of bearing age 

 in 1910 were 1,177,402; those notof bearing age, 212,117. 

 The production in 1909 was 16,722 bushels, valued at 

 $21,402. Other of the orchard fruits, their production 

 and value in 1909 were: cherries, 2,634 bushels, valued 

 at $4,850; quinces, 806 bushels, valued at $1,572; plums 

 and prunes, 657 acres, valued at $540. 



The production of grapes was 1,938,267 pounds, 

 valued at $43,967. The grape-vines of bearing age 

 from 1,309 farms reporting, in 1910 numbered 260,963; 

 those not of bearing age from 265 farms reporting 

 numbered 98,950. 



The production of nuts is an unimportant industry. 

 The production of all nuts in 1909 was 39,142 pounds, 

 valued at $964, of which 35,200 pounds were black 

 walnuts, valued at $581. 



Strawberries are by far the most important of the 

 small-fruits raised in Delaware, with blackberries and 

 dewberries ranking next. In 1899, the acreage of 

 strawberries was 6,344; in 1909 this acreage had in- 

 creased to 7,194 and the production was 12,730,265 

 quarts, valued at $569,354. In the period from 1899 to 

 1909, the acreage of blackberries and dewberries de- 

 creased from 2,935 to 1,256. The production in 1909 

 was 1,403,977 quarts, valued at $61,817. In 1909, there 

 were also produced 275,871 quarts of raspberries and 

 loganberries, valued at $17,359; 12,123 quarts of goose- 

 berries, valued at $908; and 2,973 quarts of currants, 

 valued at $294. 



Of the vegetables produced, potatoes and sweet 

 potatoes were the most important individual vegetables. 

 In 1909, from a reported acreage of 9,703, there were 

 harvested 880,360 bushels of potatoes, valued at $453,- 

 400. In the same year, the production of sweet potatoes 

 and yams from 5,229 acres was 733,746 bushels, valued 

 at $276,679. The value of tomatoes produced from an 

 acreage of 13,108, in 1909, was $583,639. Other vege- 

 tables produced in Delaware, their acreage, and the 

 value of the products in 1909, follow: asparagus, 410 

 acres, value of product $39,097; cantaloupes and musk- 

 melons, 1,163 acres, value of product $52,228; celery, 

 44 acres, value of product $12,394; sweet corn, 1,341 

 acres, value of product $35,073; green peas, 1,234 acres, 

 value of product $42,780; watermelons, 859 acres, value 

 of the product $26,343. 



The growing of flowers and plants is quite an im- 

 portant industry in Delaware. In 1909, the value of the 

 production from 44 acres was $71,429. The area 

 covered by glass in 1909 was 244,827 square feet, of 

 which 233,087 were covered by greenhouses and 11,740 

 by sashes and frames. 



Concerning nursery products, the acreage increased 

 4.6 per cent from 1899 to 1909 or from 174 acres to 

 182 acres. The increase in the value of the nursery 

 products for the same period increased 126.5 per cent, 

 the value being given as $17,241 in 1899 and $39,057 

 in 1909. . ,, ' 



C. A. McCuE. 



Maryland. 



Maryland (Fig. 2509) consists naturally of three dis- 

 tinct regions known as: (1) the coastal plain; (2) the 

 Piedmont region, or plateau; (3) the Appalachian 

 region. The coastal plain rests on both shores of the 

 Chesapeake Bay. The portion lying between the Bay 

 and the ocean is known as the Eastern Shore. It is 

 generally level, of low elevation and deeply indented 

 with bays and estuaries. This portion west of the Bay 

 becomes hilly as it recedes from the shore and 

 approaches the Piedmont plateau. Its western boun- 

 dary is approximately indicated by the Potomac River 

 to Washington, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad as 

 it passes from Washington through Baltimore to 

 Wilmington. 



The Piedmont plateau extends westward from the 

 coastal plain to the base of the Catoctin Mountains in 

 Frederick County. It is traversed by several ranges of 

 hills. Some of these are of considerable height. 



The Appalachian region forms the western part of 

 Maryland and may be divided into three districts. The 

 first or eastern part commences at the foot of the Cat- 

 octin Mountains. It is traversed by a number of ranges 

 forming the Great Valley and the famous Middletown 

 Valley noted for its beautiful landscape, fertile soil, 

 and prosperous farms. The central district of this 

 region is bounded on the east by North Mountain, and 

 on the west by Willis Mountain near Cumberland. It 

 is traversed by various intermediate ridges and com- 

 prises the greater part of Washington and Allegany 

 counties. It is upon the slopes of these mountains that 

 the largest and most extensive commercial orchards of 

 the state are found. The western district contains the 

 Allegany plateau and extends to the western boundary 

 of the state. It contains a portion of Allegany County 

 and all of Garrett County. It contains the great divide, 

 from which the water runs partly to the Atlantic by 

 way of the Potomac and partly to the Gulf of Mexico 

 by way of the Monongahela, Ohio, and Mississippi. 



The climate of Maryland varies in the different 

 physical regions just described. Over the coastal plain 

 the winters are short and mild. The snowfall is light 

 and of short duration. The region is noted for its long 

 growing season. In the Piedmont region the summers 

 are cooler and the winters more severe, though severe 

 weather seldom begins before January. In the Appa- 

 lachian region the climate is more severe than in the 

 other regions. The winters set in earlier and the snow- 

 fall is generally heavy. 



The mean temperatures during January and June 

 for the various sections are as follows: coastal plain, 

 35 and 73.5; northern central, 30.7 and 72.8; 

 western Maryland, 30.5 and 70.3; all Maryland, 32.8 

 and 72.5. 



Occasionally greater extremes are encountered than 

 these figures would indicate. Sometimes the mercury 

 goes to 98 or 100 in summer, and in winter a cold 

 wave may cause it to drop below zero, but these ex- 

 tremes are of short duration. 



Along the Atlantic coast and the shores of Chesa- 

 peake Bay, frosts do not occur between about April 5 

 and November 10, giving a period of safe plant growth 

 of about 210 days. The length of this period decreases 

 rapidly as the distance from the shore increases. In the 

 central parts of the "peninsula" of the Eastern Shore, 

 frosts do not disappear until about April 15, and re- 

 appear about October 22, giving a safe growth period 

 of 190 days. On the western or windward side of the 

 Blue Ridge Mountains, the frost-period extends into 

 the first week of May and reappears in the fall about the 

 first week in October, giving a safe growth period of 

 about 160 days. 



In Garrett County, forming the western part of the 

 Appalachian region lying at 2,500 to 3,000 feet above 

 sea-level, there is a marked shortening of the growth- 



