2220 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



of West Virginia, it has only recently been surpassed 

 by the still greater development in the Eastern Pan- 

 handle. As Jacob Nessley was the father of commercial 

 fruit-growing in the Northern Panhandle, so was W. S. 

 Miller in the Eastern Panhandle. In 1851, he planted 

 16 acres of apples, peaches and plums, and the close of 

 the Civil War found him with 4,000 bearing peach trees 

 upon his hands. As time went on the plantings increased 

 until finally the aged pioneer had planted and matured 

 upon his own farm over 4,000 apple and 25,000 peach 

 trees, besides large numbers of plum, pear, quince and 

 cherry trees. 



Public-service agencies for horticulture. 



The Land-Grant college of West Virginia is located 

 at Morgantown. It was established in 1867 as "The 

 Agricultural College of West Virginia." In 1868, how- 

 ever, this name was changed to "West Virginia Uni- 

 versity." The College of Agriculture was established 

 in 1897. There are six members of the horticultural 

 staff, who, together with one other man, also make 

 up the horticultural staff of the Experiment Station. 



The Experiment Station was established in 1887 at 

 Morgantown as a part of the University. 



There is a State Horticultural Society devoted to 

 horticultural interests, with which are affiliated a num- 

 ber of county organizations. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of West Virginia in 1910 

 was 15,374,080 acres. The land in farms was 65.2 per 

 cent of this area, or 10,026,442 acres. Of this land in 

 farms, the improved land numbered '5,521,757 acres; 

 the woodland, 3,968,836 acres; and other unimproved 

 land in farms, 535,849 acres. The total number of all 

 the farms in 1910 was 96,685, and the average acreage 

 to a farm, 103.7. [The total area of the state is 24,170 

 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops are cereals, hay and 

 forage, and tobacco. The acreage devoted to the pro- 

 duction of cereals decreased from 1,307,428 in 1899 to 

 1,038,931 in 1909, when the production was valued at 

 $15,997,700, or 39.6 per cent of the total value of all 

 crops. Hay and forage increased in acreage from 

 601,935 in 1899 to 708,900 in 1909, when the produc- 

 tion was valued at $7,492,747, or 18.6 per cent of the 

 total value of all crops. Tobacco increased in acreage 

 from 5,129 in 1899 to 17,928 in 1909, when the produc- 

 tion was valued at $1,923.180. Forest products of the 

 farms in 1909 were valued at $4,004,484, as compared 

 with $2,632,980 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops produced in W T est Virginia are 

 fruits and nuts, small-fruits, potatoes and other vege- 

 tables, and flowers and plants and nursery products. 

 The value of the fruits and nuts produced in 1909 was 

 $3,149,122, as compared with $2,210,871 in 1899. 

 Small-fruits increased in acreage from 1,994 in 1899 to 

 2,913 in 1909, when the production was 2,336,562 

 quarts, valued at $191,002. The total acreage of 

 potatoes and other vegetables in 1909 was 88,224, 

 valued at $6,968,618. Excluding potatoes, sweet pota- 

 toes and yams, other vegetables increased in acreage 

 from 29,290 in 1899 to 43,524 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was valued at $4,519,894. Flowers and plants 

 and nursery products decreased in acreage from 586 

 in 1899 to 489 in 1909, when the production was 

 valued at $157,645. 



The total production of orchard-fruits in 1909 was 

 4,709,959 bushels, valued at $3,040,192. Apples con- 

 tributed about nine- tenths of this quantity, and peaches 

 and nectarines most of the remainder. Apple trees of 

 bearing age in 1910 numbered 4,570,948; those not of 

 bearing age, 2,772,025. The production of apples hi 

 1909 was 4,225,163 bushels, valued at $2,461,074. 

 Peach and nectarine trees of bearing age in 1910 num- 

 bered 1.424,582; those not of bearing age, 1,441,188. 



The production of peaches in 1909 was 328,901 bushels, 

 valued at $368,584. Other orchard-fruits produced in 

 1909 were : 79,723 bushels of cherries, valued at $1 1 1 ,043 ; 

 32,948 bushels of plums and prunes, valued at $48,522; 

 29,916 bushels of pears, valued at $32,101; and 13,163 

 bushels of quinces, valued at $18,676. 



The production of grapes in 1909 was 3,224,751 

 pounds, valued at $92,834. Grape-vines of bearing age 

 in 1910 numbered 284,074; those not of bearing age, 

 76,465. 



The total production of nuts in 1909 was 974,312 

 pounds, valued at $16,049. The more important of the 

 nuts produced were: 878,215 pounds of black walnuts, 

 valued at $11,430; 17,337 pounds of Persian or English 

 walnuts, valued at $2,153; and 40,380 pounds of chest- 

 nuts, valued at $1,830. 



Of the small-fruits grown in West Virginia, straw- 

 berries are the most important, the acreage decreasing, 

 however, from 799 in 1899 to 709 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was 812,049 quarts, valued at $74,778. Black- 

 berries and dewberries increased in acreage from 367 in 

 1899 to 1,292 in 1909, when the production was 803,498 

 quarts, valued at $48,854. Raspberries and loganberries 

 increased in acreage from 704 in 1899 to 847 in 1909, 

 when the production was 648,174 quarts, valued at 

 $60,749. Other small-fruits produced in 1909 were 

 34.009 quarts of currants, valued at $3,153, and 35,632 

 quarts of gooseberries, valued at $3,238. 



The acreage devoted to the production of potatoes, 

 the most important of the vegetables, increased from 

 30,123 in 1899 to 42,621 in 1909, when the production 

 was 4,077,066 bushels, valued at $2,278,638. Sweet 

 potatoes and yams decreased in acreage from 3,393 in 

 1899 to 2,079 in 1909, when the production was 215,582 

 bushels, valued at $170,086. The production of the 

 more important of the other vegetables in 1909 was: 

 1,846 acres of tomatoes, valued at $87,386; 3,464 acres 

 of green beans, valued at $60,156; 878 acres of sweet 

 corn, valued at $37,449; 212 acres of cabbage, valued 

 at $24,562; 473 acres of watermelons, valued at $21,059; 

 163 acres of turnips, valued at $4,809; 35 acres of 

 onions, valued at $4,442; and 72 acres of green peas, 

 valued at $2,053. Vegetables of less importance were 

 asparagus, cantaloupes, celery, cucumbers, lettuce, 

 and radishes. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers and 

 plants decreased from 39 in 1899 to 25 in 1909. The 

 total area under glass in 1909 was 296,717 square feet, 

 of which 272,182 were covered by greenhouses, and 

 24,535 by sashes and frames. The value of the flowers 

 and plants produced in 1909 was $78,377, as compared 

 with $44,384 in 1899. 



Nursery products decreased in acreage from 547 in 

 1899 to 464 in 1909, when then- value was $79,268, as 

 compared with $61,700, in 1899. \y. H. ALDERMAN. 



North Carolina. 



North Carolina (Fig. 2512) is a long, narrow strip of 

 land in eastern United States, occupying a medial 

 position between North and South. It extends 503 miles 

 from east to west, with an average width of about 100 

 miles. Since the state extends from the surf of the omtn 

 to the highest altitudes east of the Rocky Mountains, 

 it has a very complex topography, a varying climate, a 

 multiplicity of soil types and a consequent wide range 

 of vegetable products. 



North Carolina is divided into three parts, the Moun- 

 tain region, the Piedmont and the Coastal Plain. The 

 Coastal Plain begins at the Atlantic Ocean and extends 

 inland a distance of about 150 miles. The land is ex- 

 tremely level, in most places not varying in elevation 

 over a foot to the mile. Along the sounds and in the 

 tide-water section there is from 4,000 to 5,000 square 

 miles of swamp. A part of this area has been drained 

 and is found to be extremely rich agricultural land. 



