NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2237 



farms, the acreage of improved land was 10,890,484; 

 that of woodland 8,007,733; and other unimproved 

 land in farms, 1,143,440. The number of all the farms 

 in 1909 was 246,012, and the average acreage a farm 

 81.5. [The total area is 42,022 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops of the state are cereals, 

 cotton (including cotton seed) and hay and forage. 

 The acreage devoted to the production of cereals 

 decreased from 5,055,328 in 1899 to 4,136,647 in 1909, 

 when the production was valued at $55,302,278, which 

 was 45.8 per cent of the total value of all crops. Cotton, 

 including cotton seed, increased in acreage from 623,137 

 in 1899 to 787,516 in 1909, when the production was 

 valued at $20,682,187. Hay and forage increased in 

 acreage from 645,617 in 1899 to 1,052,816 when the 

 production was valued at $12,617,538. Tobacco 

 increased in acreage from 71,849 in 1899 to 90,468 in 

 1909, when the production was valued at $5,661,681. 

 The value of the forest products of the farms in 

 1909, was $8,510,710, as compared with $5,086,624 in 

 1899. 



Horticultural crops produced are fruits and nuts, 

 small-fruits, potatoes and other vegetables, flowers and 

 plants and nursery products. The value of the fruits 

 and nuts produced in 1909 was $3,562,668, as com- 

 pared with $1,606,054 in 1899. Small-fruits decreased 

 in acreage from 12,944 in 1899 to 12,539 in 19 09 when 

 the production was 13,895,493 quarts, valued at $923,- 

 613. The total acreage of potatoes and other vegeta- 

 bles in 1909 was 167,234, and their value $10,430,975. 

 Excluding potatoes, the acreage of other vegetables 

 increased from 74,408 in 1899 to 100,055 in 1909, when 

 the value of the production was $7,015,686. Flowers 

 and plants and nursery products increased in acreage 

 from 2,978 in 1899 to 4,215 in 1909, when the produc- 

 tion was valued at $1,042,282. 



The total production of orchard-fruits in 1909 was 

 6,484,550 bushels, valued at $3,459,077. Apples con- 

 tributed nearly three-fourths of this quantity, and 

 peaches and nectarines most of the remainder. The 

 production of apples in 1909 was 4,640,444 bushels, 

 valued at $2,172,475. The apple trees of bearing age 

 in 1910 numbered 4,838,922; those not of bearing age, 

 2,117,246. The production of peaches and nectarines 

 in 1909 was 1,579,019 bushels, valued at $1,055,379. 

 Peach and nectarine trees of bearing age in 1910 num- 

 bered 3,163,737; those not of bearing age, 1,190,727. 

 The production of the other orchard-fruits in 1909 was: 

 139,093 bushels of plums and prunes, valued at $86,743; 

 83,557 bushels of pears, valued at $78,448; 36,303 

 bushels of cherries, valued at $60,294; 4,421 bushels 

 of quinces, valued at $4,045; and 1,677 bushels of 

 apricots, valued at $1,657. 



The production of grapes in 1909 was 1,979,480 

 pounds, valued at $85,423. The grape-vines of bearing 

 age in 1910 numbered 338,758; those not of bearing 

 age, 76,040. 



The total production of nuts in 1909 was 783,570 

 pounds, valued at $14,041. Black walnuts were the 

 most important of the nuts, the production in 1909 

 being 708,627 pounds, valued at $9,194. The produc- 

 tion of the other nuts in 1909 was: 25,581 pounds of 

 pecans, valued at $2,566; 16,409 pounds of chestnuts, 

 valued at $1,127; and 23,246 pounds of hickory-nuts, 

 valued at $566. 



The value of the tropical fruits produced in Ten- 

 nessee in 1909 was $4,127. Figs, the most important 

 of the tropical fruits, were produced to the amount of 

 68,535 pounds, valued at $4,070. 



Of the small-fruits grown in Tennessee, strawberries 

 are the most important, with blackberries and dew- 

 berries ranking next. The acreage of strawberries 

 decreased from 11,548 in 1899 to 10,761 in 1909, when 

 the production was 12,339,584 quarts, valued at 

 $835,739. Blackberries and dewberries increased in 

 acreage from 733 in 1899 to 1,514 in 1909, when the 



production was 1,316,100 quarts, valued at $65,476. 

 Other small-fruits produced were: 222,331 quarts of 

 raspberries, valued at $20,931; 13,740 quarts of goose- 

 berries, valued at $1,205; and 3,726 quarts of currants, 

 valued at $261. 



The acreage devoted to the production of potatoes 

 in Tennessee increased from 27,103 in 1899 to 40,963 in 

 1909, when the production was 2,922,713 bushels, valued 

 at $1,790,233. Sweet potatoes and yams increased 

 in acreage from 23,374 in 1899 to 26,216 in 1909, when 

 the production was 2,504,490 bushels, valued at 

 $1,625,056. Peanuts decreased in acreage from 19,534 

 in 1899 to 18,952 in 1909, when the production was 

 547,240 bushels, valued at $386,765. The production 

 of the more important of the other vegetables in 1909 

 WHS: 5,803 acres of tomatoes, valued at $426,714; 

 2,398 acres of watermelons, valued at $105,001; 2,300 

 acres of green beans, valued at $68,536; 1,189 acres of 

 cabbage, valued at $64,714; 1,456 acres of cantaloupes 

 and muskmelons, valued at $41,691; 807 acres of 

 turnips, valued at $29,853; 235 acres of onions, valued 

 at $15,068; 139 acres of asparagus, valued at $13,003; 

 and 365 acres of sweet corn, valued at $11,246. Vege- 

 tables of minor importance in 1909 were beets, pop- 

 corn, cucumbers, lettuce, green peppers, rhubarb, and 

 squash. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers and 

 plants increased from 140 in 1899 to 239 in 1909. The 

 area under glass in 1909 was 1,236,874 square feet, of 

 which 1,079,374 were covered by greenhouses and 

 157,500 by sashes and frames. The value of the pro- 

 duction in 1909 was $344,579, as compared with 

 $175,979 in 1899. 



The acreage devoted to the production of nursery 

 products increased from 2,838 in 1899 to 3,976 in 1909, 

 when the value of the nursery products was $697,703, 

 as compared with $474,133 in 1899. 



CHARLES A. KEFFER. 



Alabama. 



Alabama (Fig. 2518) has many natural features which 

 promise eventually to make it a very important horti- 

 cultural state. The varied classes of soils, the range in 

 elevations from coastal to semi-mountainous and the 

 different climates between the extreme southern and the 

 extreme northern parts of the state, provide conditions 

 under which many of the fruits of the subtropics and of 

 the temperate zones may be grown very successfully. 

 The average rainfall for the state is 55 inches, most of 

 this falling in the winter months. The average max- 

 imum temperature approximates 85 in the summer 

 months and it is seldom that the temperature in the 

 winter falls below 18 F. 



Within recent years, hundreds of northern settlers 

 have located in the state and many of these have taken 

 up fruit- and vegetable-growing on an extensive scale; 

 at present the influence of this movement is greater in 

 the more southern counties. Large tracts of freshly 

 cut-over lands are being rapidly developed by different 

 land companies and are being planted principally in 

 pecans and Satsuma oranges. 



There are several large greenhouse establishments in 

 the state, the largest of these being at Montgomery. 

 The area of glass is being rapidly increased in Mobile 

 and Birmingham and the smaller cities. 



Beautiful out-of-door roses bloom in the spring and 

 fall months and practically every home has its rose- 

 garden. The climate being comparatively warm during 

 ten months of the year furnishes rare opportunities for 

 lovers of flowers. 



The principal fruit- and vegetable-growing sections of 

 the state are largely separated, and may be divided into 

 six sections as shown on the map (Fig. 2518). 



The light sandy loams of the Gulf section Lower 

 Coastal Plain (Fig. 2518, Area No. 1) are particularly 



