NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2243 



$8,684. The number of grapefruit (pomelo) trees of bear- 

 ing age in 1910 was 1,001; those not of bearing age 1,978. 

 The production in 1909 was 1,368 boxes, valued at $2,345. 



Strawberries are by far the most important of the 

 small-fruits in Mississippi, although the total acreage 

 of all small-fruits decreased from 1,549 in 1899 to 836 

 in 1909. Considering strawberries, the acreage de- 

 creased from 1,383 in 1899 to 772 in 1909, when the 

 production was 1,345,013 quarts, valued at $101,882. 

 The other small-fruits produced were: 53,735 quarts of 

 blackberries and dewberries, valued at $4,531; 7,806 

 quarts of raspberries and loganberries, valued at $673, 

 and minor quantities of currants and gooseberries. 



The acreage of sweet potatoes and yams increased 

 from 38,169 in 1899 to 56,045 in 1909, when the produc- 

 tion was 4,427,988 bushels, valued at $3,073,290. The 

 acreage devoted to the production of peanuts increased 

 from 5,853 in 1899 to 13,997 in 1909, an increase of 139.1 

 per cent. The production in 1909 was 284,791 bushels, 

 valued at $317,236. The acreage devoted to potatoes 

 increased from 6,370 in 1899 to 8,342 in 1909, when the 

 production was 644,742 bushels, valued at $542,011. 

 Of the other vegetables grown in Mississippi, the more 

 important were: 3,651 acres of tomatoes, valued at 

 401,984; 1,396 acres of cabbage, valued at $98,244; 

 1,794 acres of watermelons, valued at $86,973; 1,052 

 acres of green beans, valued at $43,925; 194 acres of 

 radishes, valued at $30,216; 435 acres of green peas, 

 valued at $18,342; and 234 acres of turnips, valued at 

 $15,987. Vegetables of minor importance were aspara- 

 gus, beets, cantaloupes and muskmelons, carrots, sweet 

 corn, cucumbers, lettuce and onions. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers and 

 plants decreased from 62 in 1899 to 39 in 1909. The 

 total area under glass in 1909 was 216,937 square feet, 

 of which 201,622 were covered by greenhouses and 

 15,315 by sashes and frames. The value of the flowers 

 and plants produced in 1909 was $100,321. 



There was a marked increase in the acreage devoted 

 to nursery products from 181 in 1899 to 533 in 1909, 

 an increase of 194. per cent. The value of the nursery 

 products in 1909 was $74,946, as compared with $31,305 

 in 1899. g. M. TRACY. 



F. H. LEWIS. 



WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES. 

 Arkansas. 



Differences in altitude give the state of Arkansas 

 (Fig. 2520) two general types of climate and agriculture. 

 The northwestern two-fifths of the state has a north- 

 temperate climate and is adapted to practically all the 

 crops usually grown some hundreds of miles northward. 

 In the southeastern three-fifths of the state, climatic 

 conditions are subtropical, cotton being the leading 

 farm crop, while corn and rice are also grown exten- 

 sively. A line drawn from the northern part of Sevier 

 County to Arkadelphia, thence past Little Rock, a lit- 

 tle to the northward, and thence to Mammoth Springs 

 in northern Arkansas separates in a general way the two 

 divisions. The division line represents a general eleva- 

 tion of 500 feet. Northwestward the general elevation 

 soon increases to 1,000 feet, with here and there points 

 and ridges rising a few hundred feet higher. The Boston 

 Mountain, a ridge running eastward along the southern 

 border of Washington County and exfending into 

 Searcy County, presents an elevation of about 2,000 

 feet. This barrier has a marked effect on the climate 

 north of it, making the conditions like those of regions 

 many miles farther north. Southward the slopes descend 

 into the Arkansas Valley and into a truly southern 

 climate. Between Fayetteville and Van Buren, a dis- 

 tance of about 60 miles, there is a difference of ten to 

 twelve days in the earliness of the season. In Pope 

 County, Mount Magazine (height, 2,850 feet) is said to 



be the highest point between the Alleghany and Rocky 

 Mountains. The Ozarks of northwestern Arkansas 

 enter the state from Oklahoma and Missouri. In cen- 

 tral-western Arkansas, the broken elevated area con- 

 sisting of a series of ridges running in an easterly and 

 westerly direction is known as the Ouachita Mountains. 

 In general, the main hills or ridges and valleys in the 

 hill country of Arkansas have an easterly and westerly 

 direction. They represent the work of erosion, although 

 the Ozark region as a whole is part of an uplift and one 

 of the oldest parts of the continent. 



The surface in general of the highland is rolling, 

 partly tableland, rough in places with small prairies 



2520. Arkansas, to show horticultural parts. 



here and there. The average elevation of the Ozark 

 portion of the state is about 1,000 feet above sea-level. 

 Some of the valleys are narrow, others broad, miles in 

 extent and of great fertility. On some of the hills the 

 soil is thin and poor, sometimes very rocky; again it is 

 fertile and deep. North slopes, as a rule, are more fer- 

 tile than the southern. There are various types of soil 

 from sandy to clayey loam, cherty soils and the rich 

 brown loam known as "pawpaw" soil with redclay sub- 

 soil overlying limestone. Clarksville silt loam and 

 Clarksville stony loam are common types of upland 

 soil in northwestern Arkansas. The valleys also range 

 from sandy alluvial loam to clayey and heavy black 

 soils very rich but sometimes needing drainage. In 

 their natural condition the hills and valleys are covered 

 with the various kinds of forest growth characteristic 

 of the northern woods, contributing to the mildness 

 and healthfulness of the climate. 



The winters are short and summers long. The mean 

 temperatures for January and July, respectively, at 

 Fayetteville are 37.59 and 77.03, and at Little Rock, 

 40.8 and 80.3. The rainfall is ample and ordinarily 

 well distributed throughout the year. The average for 

 the state is 50.5 inches. It is somewhat less in northwest 

 Arkansas, being 45.6 at Fayetteville and reaching 63.2 

 inches at Hot Springs. Irrigation is not necessary. 

 Proper tillage may be made to conserve the supplies of 

 moisture sufficiently for bountiful yields under all 

 ordinary conditions. The average snowfall in the hill 

 country is nine inches; southward it varies from three 

 to five. 



The southeastern half of the state is in reality a part 

 of the low level and fertile Atlantic coastal plain and is 

 similar to Louisiana. The surface is rolling, varying 

 from 100 to 500 feet in elevation. Much of the land, 

 especially along the Mississippi, is low-lying and sub- 



