NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2251 



sibly beans. Here, as with potatoes, the railroad factor 

 has been an important one. This and other difficulties 

 in marketing are preventing a greater development of 

 these industries. 



Public-service agencies for horticulture. 



The Land-Grant college of Oklahoma, known as the 

 Agricultural and Mechanical College, was established 

 in 1890 at Stillwater, in Payne County. There are 

 three members of the horticultural staff. 



The State Experiment Station is also at Stillwater, 

 and is run in connection with the College. There are 

 two members on the horticultural staff. Between 

 twelve and fifteen bulletins and circulars have been 

 issued on horticultural subjects. 



There are no schools in the state giving particular 

 attention to horticulture. A few schools are teaching a 

 limited amount of horticulture along with the agricul- 

 tural work. 



Inspection of nurseries is conducted by the State 

 Nursery and Orchard Inspector, who is the entomolo- 

 gist of the Experiment Station. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of Oklahoma in 1910 was 

 44,424,960 acres. The land in farms was 65 per cent 

 of the land area, or 28,859,353 acres. Of this land in 

 farms, 17,551,337 acres were designated improved land 

 in farms; 3,568,910, woodland; and 7,739,106 as other 

 unimproved land in farms. The number of farms in 

 Oklahoma in 1910 numbered 190,192, 151.7 being the 

 average acreage to a farm. [The total area is 70,057 

 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops of the state are cereals, 

 cotton, including cotton seed, hay and forage, ana 

 broom-corn. The acreage devoted to cereals increased 

 from 4,431,819, in 1899, to 8,248,653 in 1909, when the 

 production was valued at $71,798,662. Cotton, includ- 

 ing cotton seed, increased from an acreage of 682,743, 

 in 1899, to 1,976,935 in 1909, when the production was 

 valued at $41,187,408. Hay and forage increased in 

 acreage from 1,095,706, in 1899, to 1,347,598 in 1900, 

 when the production was valued at $9,638,648. Broom- 

 corn increased in acreage from 12,763, in 1899, to 216,- 

 350 in 1909, when the production was valued at $2,559,- 

 235. The value of forest products of the farms in 1909 

 was $1,602,720, as compared with $456,240 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops grown in Oklahoma are fruits 

 and nuts, small-fruits, potatoes and other vegetables, 

 flowers and plants and nursery products. The value 

 of the fruits and nuts produced in 1909 was $1,127,710, 

 as compared with $518,502, in 1899. Small-fruits 

 increased in acreage from 1,388, in 1899, to 2,745 in 

 1909, when the production was 2,310,367 quarts, 

 valued at $202,291. The total acreage of potatoes ana 

 other vegetables in 1909 was 88,362, and their value, 

 $4,210,844. Excluding potatoes, the acreage of other 

 vegetables increased from 33,463, in 1899, to 51,011 in 

 1909, when the production was valued at $2,610,239. 

 Flowers and plants and nursery products increased in 

 acreage from 813, in 1899, to 897 in 1909, when the 

 production was valued at $263,968. 



The total quantity of orchard-fruits produced in 

 1909 was 1,137,288 bushels, valued at $943,464. Apples 

 contributed nearly two-thirds of this quantity, and 

 peaches and nectarines most of the remainder. The 

 apple trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 2,955,810; 

 those not of bearing age, 2,060,384. The production in 



1909 was 742,182 bushels, valued at $573,076. The 

 number of peach and nectarine trees of bearing age in 



1910 numbered 4,783,825; those not of bearing age, 

 2,574,680. The production in 1909 was 357,644 bushels, 

 valued at $326,315. The production of plums and 

 prunes was 25,916 bushels, valued at $28,134; that of 

 pears, 7,450 bushels, valued at $9,248; that of cherries, 

 2,372 bushels, valued at $4,393; that of apricots, 



1,123 bushels, valued at $1,270; and that of quinces, 

 601 bushels, valued at $1,028. 



The production of grapes in 1909 was 3,762,727 

 pounds, valued at $122,045. The production in 1899 

 was 6,344,031 pounds. The grape-vines of bearing age 

 in 1910 numbered 2,388,213; those not of bearing age, 

 447,489. 



The total production of nuts in 1909 was 1,019,238 

 pounds, valued at $62,168, as compared with 45,330 

 pounds produced in 1899. The production in 1909 

 consisted of 894,172 pounds of pecans, valued at $59,- 

 481; 94,659 pounds of black walnuts, valued at $1,591; 

 6,700 pounds of Persian or English walnuts, valued at 

 $489; and 21,250 pounds of hickory-nuts, valued at 



Blackberries and dewberries are the most important 

 of the small-fruits, with strawberries second in impor- 

 tance. The acreage of blackberries and dewberries 

 increased from 683, in 1899, to 1,792 in 1909, when the 

 production was 1,366,497 quarts, valued at $119,654. 

 The acreage of strawberries increased from 626, in 

 1899, to 825 in 1909, when the production was 830,404 

 quarts, valued at $71,296. Raspberries and loganber- 

 ries increased in acreage from 43 in 1899, to 85 in 1909, 

 when the production was 74,104 quarts, valued at 

 $6,851. Other small-fruits produced were 31,024 quarts 

 of currants, valued at $3,559, and 8,276 quarts of 

 gooseberries, valued at $923. 



The acreage of potatoes increased from 15,360, in 

 1899, to 32,295 in 1909, when the production was 

 1,897,486 bushels, valued at $1,250,052. Sweet pota- 

 toes and yams increased in acreage from 3,576, in 1899, 

 to 5,056 in 1909, when the production was 359,451 

 bushels, valued at $350,553. Other leading vegetables 

 produced in 1909 were: 5,923 acres of watermelons, 

 valued at $165,725; 386 acres of onions, valued at 

 $29,143; 655 acres of cantaloupes and muskmelons, 

 valued at $23,438; 315 acres of tomatoes, valued at 

 $19,295; 548 acres of sweet corn, valued at $9,138; 137 

 acres of cabbage, valued at $9,510. Vegetables of" 

 less importance were green beans, pop-corn, green peas, 

 and rhubarb. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers and 

 plants increased from 9, in 1899, to 40 in 1909. The 

 area under glass in 1909 was 158,515 square feet, of 

 which 148,737 were covered by greenhouses, and 9,778 

 were covered by sashes and frames. The value of the 

 flowers and plants produced in 1909 was $92,016, as 

 compared with $6,644 in 1899. 



Nursery products increased in acreage from 804, in 

 1899, to 857 in 1909. The production in 1909 was valued 

 at $171,952, as compared with $103,264 in 1899. 



N. O. BOOTH. 



Texas. 



Texas (Fig. 2523) extends in north latitude from 26 

 to 36 Yz, and in west longitude from 93^ to 106 H. 

 Its altitude varies from sea-level, for over 400 miles 

 along the Gulf coast, to 9,000 feet in Mt. Guadalupe, 

 west of the Pecos River. It has a greater area of arable 

 land in proportion to its entire area than any other 

 state in the Union, except, perhaps, Illinois and Iowa. 

 In 1912 it had about 4,000,000 population, but its rich 

 soils and other natural resources can sustain, in com- 

 fort, a greater population than has Germany. There 

 are no less than eleven rivers wending their way through 

 the state, or by it, from northwest to southeast, the 

 shortest of which is at least 400 miles long. It has no 

 lakes worthy of mention, but has connected large bays, 

 or sounds, land-locked by long islands, next the Gulf, 

 along its entire coast, navigable for sloops and steam- 

 boats. The climate is healthful and invigorating. 



The climatic belts of the state are distinctly marked 

 and extremely different in character, one from another. 

 They may be designated as follows: 



