NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2257 



The Extension Department of the College holds 

 schools in different sections of the state. There is no 

 horticulture taught in the public schools. 



The inspection services come under the direction of 

 the State Board of Horticulture, through the State 

 Horticulturist. The fruit sections are divided into dis- 

 tricts and an inspector is provided for each district. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of Montana in 1910 was 

 93,568,640 acres, including 115,840 acres in Yellow- 

 stone National Park. The land in farms was 13,545, 

 603 acres, or 14.5 per cent of the land area. Of these 

 13,545,603 acres in farms, 3,640,309 were improved; 

 595,870 were woodland; and 9,309,424 were other unim- 

 proved land in farms. The total number of farms in 

 1910 was 26,214. The average acreage to a farm was 

 516.7. [The total area is 146,997 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops are hay and forage, 

 and cereals. The acreage devoted to hay and forage 

 increased from 875,712 in 1899 to 1,135,376 in 1909, 

 when the value of the production was $12,344,606, 

 which was 41.5 per cent of the total value of all crops. 

 The acreage of cereals increased from 254,231 in 1899 to 

 635,807 in 1909, when the value of the cereals pro- 

 duced was $12,251,345, or 41.2 per cent of the total 

 value of crops produced. Sugar crops increased in 

 acreage from 2 in 1899 to 8,821 in 1909, when the value 

 of the products was $547,178. The value of forest 

 products in farms in 1909 was $541,800, as compared 

 with $176,134 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops produced are fruits, small-fruits, 

 vegetables including potatoes, and flowers and plants 

 and nursery products. The value of fruits produced 

 in 1909 was $609,095, as compared with $59,587 in 

 1899. Small-fruits increased in acreage from 554 in 

 1899 to 562 in 1909, when the production was 766,791 

 quarts, valued at $86,586. In 1909 the total acreage 

 of potatoes and other vegetables was 28,010, and their 

 value $2,227,736. Excluding potatoes, the acreage of 

 vegetables increased from 4,272 in 1899 to 7,300 in 

 1909, when the value of the production was $928,906. 

 Flowers and plants and nursery products increased 

 from 79 acres in 1899 to 361 acres in 1909, when the 

 value of their products was $279,028. 



The total quantity of orchard-fruits produced in 1909 

 was 591,088 bushels, valued at $609,078. Apples con- 

 tributed more than 95 per cent of this quantity, the 

 production being 567,054 bushels, valued at $566,938. 

 The number of apple trees of bearing age in 1910 was 

 696,753; those not of bearing age, 1,308,066. The cherry 

 trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 19,938; those not 

 of bearing age, 24,237. The production in 1909 was 

 7,497 bushels, valued at $17,985. The pear trees of 

 bearing age in 1910 numbered 10,297; those not of 

 bearing age, 12,806. The production was 7,543 bushels, 

 valued at $12,008. Plums and prunes of bearing age 

 in 1910 numbered 21,140; those not of bearing age 15,- 

 001; and the production in 1909 was 8,777 bushels, 

 valued at $11,642. Peach and nectarine trees of bearing 

 age in 1910 numbered 538; those not of bearing age, 

 3,386; and the production in 1909 was 128 bushels, 

 valued at $235. Apricots were also produced in 1909 to 

 the value of $269. 



Grapes are of comparatively no importance, as are 

 also nuts, there being a production of grapes valued 

 at only $17, while no value was placed upon the small 

 quantity of nuts produced. 



Strawberries are by far the most important of the 

 small-fruits, with raspberries and loganberries second 

 in importance and currants, third. The acreage devoted 

 to the strawberry decreased from 281 in 1899 to 265 in 

 1909, when the production was 406,038 quarts, valued 

 at $46,870. The acreage of raspberries and loganberries 

 increased from 80 in 1899 to 113 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was 165,473 quarts, valued at $19,732. Cur- 



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rants decreased in acreage from 120 in 1899 to 115 in 

 1909, when the production was 123,031 quarts, valued 

 at $12,195. There were also produced 36,321 quarts of 

 blackberries and dewberries, valued at $4,020 and 

 35,896 quarts of gooseberries, valued at $3,765. 



The acreage devoted to potatoes increased from 

 9,613 in 1899 to 20,710 in 1909, when the production 

 was 3,240,696 bushels, valued at $1,298,830. The more 

 important of the other vegetables produced in 1909 

 were: 359 acres of cabbage, valued at $56,210; 119 acres 

 of onions, valued at $15,310; 164 acres of sweet corn, 

 valued at $13,692; 11 acres of celery, valued at $4,800; 

 34 acres of rutabagas, valued at $3,960; and 69 acres of 

 turnips, valued at $3,858. Vegetables of less impor- 

 tance produced in 1909 were green beans, beets, canta- 

 loupes and muskmelons, carrots, cauliflower, horse- 

 radish, tomatoes, and watermelons. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers and 

 plants increased from 17 in 1899 to 20 in 1909. The 

 total area under glass was 308,939 square feet, of which 

 289,024 were covered by greenhouses and 19,915 by 

 sashes and frames. The value of the flowers and plants 

 produced in 1909 was $104,601, as compared with 

 $33,630 in 1899. 



The acreage devoted to nursery products increased 

 from 62 in 1899 to 341 in 1909. The value of the nur- 

 sery products in 1909 was $174,427 as compared with 

 $17,825 in 1899. M. L. DEAN. 



Idaho. 



The state of Idaho (Fig. 2525), lying west of the 

 Rocky Mountains, is of vast extent and wide diversity 

 of topography. It has a range north and south of 

 approximately 485 miles, extending from the 42nd to the 

 49th parallels of latitude. Its breadth east and west, at 

 its widest point, is about 310 miles. Taking the state 

 as a whole, the altitude ranges from that of central and 

 northern Indiana to more than 5,000 feet above the 

 highest peaks of the Appalachian system. 



Some of the salient features of Idaho are its sage- 

 brush plains, high snow-capped mountains and tim- 

 bered, plateaus. Along the eastern border of the state 

 lie the Cceur d' Alene, Bitter Root, Cabinet and many 

 other ranges of mountains. The Owyhee Mountains lie 

 in the southwest corner and their lateral spurs extend 

 almost to the Snake River. The native vegetation of the 

 whole of the southern part of the state, as far north as 

 the middle of Washington County, is sage-brush. This 

 entire area is a vast agricultural region, having at the 

 present time 1,843,039 acres of irrigated lands. South 

 Idaho is an arid region, the rainfall for that part of the 

 state being from 8 to 15 inches. The timbered plateau 

 extends over most of the northern and central parts of 

 the state. The principal trees found in this area are 

 yellow pine, red fir, and white pine. The northern 

 part of the state is humid, the annual precipitation 

 varying from 20 to 25 inches. The agricultural lands 

 lie mostly near the western border. The state is 

 entirely drained by the Snake River and other tribu- 

 taries of the Columbia. 



The development of the fruit industry in Idaho is 

 interesting. In the year 1836, H. H. Spaulding started 

 an orchard on the Clearwater River, a few miles above 

 Lewiston, at a place now known as Joseph. Later 

 plantings were made in the southern part of the state in 

 the year 1862. Two small orchards were set out on the 

 Snake River near the Brown Lee country. Small plant- 

 ings were also made on the Payette River in 1863 and 

 near Boise in 1865. From these small plantings, the 

 fruit industry has developed until now there are over 

 120,000 acres planted to orchards. 



Owing to differences in altitude and climatic con- 

 ditions, the state may be divided horticulturally into 

 several distinct districts. 



The North Idaho or Panhandle district includes the 



