2266 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



was 2,829, an increase of 20.5 per cent since 1899, and 

 their value $398,836. 



Apples are the most important of the orchard-fruits, 

 with peaches and nectarines ranking second. In 1910, 

 the apple trees of bearing age numbered 1,688,425; 

 those not of bearing age, 1,972,914. The production of 

 apples in 1909 was 3,559,094 bushels, valued at $3,405,- 

 442. The peach and nectarine trees of bearing age in 

 1910 numbered 793,372; those not of bearing age, 606,- 

 001. The production in 1909 was 692,258 bushels, 

 valued at $764,561. The other orchard fruits and their 

 production and value of their products in 1909 follow: 

 pears, 132,536 bushels, valued at $210,685; plums and 

 prunes, 81,539 bushels, valued at $81,354; cherries, 

 88,937 bushels, valued at $173,895; apricots, 11,403 

 bushels, valued at $15,658-. 



The number of grape-vines of bearing age in 1910 was 

 254,292; those not of bearing age, 101,332. The pro- 

 duction in 1909 was 1,037,614 pounds, an increase of 

 77 per cent over the production in 1899. The value of 

 the grape products in 1909 was $28,026. 



The quantity of nuts produced in 1909 was 7,796 

 pounds, valued at $324. The nuts included in this 

 grouping are Persian or English walnuts, black wal- 

 nuts, almonds, chestnuts, pecans, Japanese walnuts, 

 hickory-nuts, filberts, hazelnuts, and others. 



Of the small-fruits grown, raspberries and logan- 

 berries are the most important in value, with straw- 

 berries second. Considered from the standpoint of 

 production this order is reversed. The acreage of straw- 

 berries in 1909 was 1,326, producing 1,674,923 quarts of 

 berries, valued at $156,059. The acreage of raspberries 

 and loganberries in 1909 was 801, producing 1,650,785 

 quarts of berries, valued at $156,668. Other small- 

 fruits, their production and value were, in 1909: black- 

 berries and dewberries, 227,598 quarts, valued at 

 $27,833; currants, 493,726 quarts, valued at $39,935, 

 and gooseberries, 247,956 quarts, valued at $18,341. 

 The acreage in each case in 1909 was, 195, 226, and 122 

 acres respectively. 



Of the vegetables, the potatoes, sweet potatoes and 

 yams were the more important. The acreage of the 

 potatoes, sweet potatoes and yams in 1909 was 85,860, 

 an increase of 94.7 per cent since 1899. The production 

 was 11,783,501 bushels, valued at $3,709,305. Other 

 vegetables in 1909 occupied 32,422 acres, producing 

 products valued at $2,349,634. The acreage and value 

 of the more important vegetables in 1909 follow: 2,568 

 acres of cabbage, valued at $180,964; 3,970 acres of 

 cantaloupes and muskmelons, valued at $334,291; 357 

 acres of celery, valued at $110,114; 577 acres of onions 

 valued at $64,665; and 1,646 acres of tomatoes, valued 

 at $138,339. Other vegetables grown are asparagus, 

 green beans, sweet corn, cucumbers, lettuce, green peas, 

 turnips and watermelons. 



The acreage devoted to the growth of flowers and 

 plants in 1909 was 154; in 1899, 187. The area under 

 glass was, in 1909, 1,340,824 square feet, of which 

 1,244,425 were covered by greenhouses and 96,399 by 

 sashes and frames. The total value of flowers and 

 plants produced in 1909 was $468,685. 



The acreage occupied by nursery establishments was 

 241 in 1909, as compared with 497 in 1899, showing a 

 decrease of 51.5 per cent. The value of the nursery 

 products, however, increased 9.3 per cent during that 

 time, from $65,936 in 1899 to $72,090 in 1909. 



E. R. BENNETT. 



New Mexico. 



New Mexico (Fig. 2528), though rich in mineral 

 resources and in its salubrious climate is, nevertheless, 

 an agricultural commonwealth. Because of its loca- 

 tion in the southwestern part of the United States, it is 

 sometimes thought by persons not familiar with its 

 topography and other physical conditions that it must 



have a tropical or at least a semi-tropical climate. This 

 would probably be true if it were not for its great ele- 

 vation. The high altitude gives New Mexico a temper- 

 ate zone climate suitable for temperate zone fruits 

 and other plants. New Mexico is mostly a country of 

 mountains, valleys and prairies. Spurs of the Rocky 

 Mountain system extend from north to south through 

 the central and western parts of the state. The extreme 

 eastern part, with an altitude varying from about 3,000 

 feet in the extreme southeast corner to about 5,000 feet 

 in the northeast part, partakes more of the nature of a 

 prairie country. This part has a larger average rainfall 

 than the central and western agricultural valleys and 

 during the last ten years it has developed extensively 

 into a dry-farming section. The rainfall, however, is 

 not enough to insure satisfactory results in the growing 

 of fruits and vegetables, particularly on a commercial 

 scale. 



Some of the higher horticultural districts in which 

 many fruits and vegetables succeed, range from 6,000 

 to 7,500 feet. This is the altitude of such places as 

 Santa Fe, Mountain Park, Cimarron, Las Vegas and 

 Taos; while the Roswell, Carlsbad, Las Cruces, Socorro, 

 Albuquerque and Deming districts, in which horticul- 

 ture has developed into a high state of cultivation, have 

 altitudes varying from 3,100 at Carlsbad to 5,000 feet 

 at Albuquerque. Perhaps the average height of New 

 Mexico valleys and irrigable areas varies from 4,000 

 to 5,500 feet. 



New Mexico is a large state, ranging fourth in size. 

 On account of its being practically in the center of the 

 arid section of the United States, however, it is 

 impossible to utilize all of its large acreage for agricul- 

 tural purposes. Only the places which can be irrigated, 

 in the extreme eastern part of the state and any parts 

 in between the mountains which get a fairly large 

 amount of rain can be brought into cultivation. Out of 

 its large acreage, it is now pretty well known that about 

 3,500,000 acres are irrigable and that 10,000,000 acres 

 are claimed to be adaptable for dry-farming crops. 



Since practically all of the truck and fruit crops have 

 to be raised under irrigation, this discussion will be 

 limited to those agricultural districts which are being 

 developed by irrigation. Wherever water for irrigation 

 may be had, either from rivers, reservoirs, springs, or 

 wells, it is reasonably safe to expect good results from 

 certain horticultural plants. Almost every county in 

 the state has one or two districts in which horticultural 

 operations may be conducted very successfully. The 

 accompanying map gives the larger fruit-growing dis- 

 tricts in the state, eleven in number. District No. 1 

 takes in part of Grant and Luna counties; district No. 2 

 takes in all of the Rio Grande Valley from Santa Fe 

 down to the Texas line; district No. 3 is found mostly 

 in Otero County around Alamogordo, extending some- 

 what into the mountains; district No. 4 includes all 

 of the little mountain streams in Lincoln and Chaves 

 counties; district No. 5 includes all of the Pecos Valley; 

 district No. 6 takes in all of the mountain streams in 

 northern New Mexico, mostly in northwestern and 

 southern Coif ax County; district No. 7 is found in 

 Mora and San Miguel counties, in the southern and 

 northwestern parts; district No. 8 includes parts of 

 Santa Fe and Rio Arriba counties along the Rio Grande 

 Valley and mountain streams; district No. 9 includes 

 the old Taos Valley and the little mountain streams in 

 Taos County; district No. 10 is located in the north- 

 western corner of New Mexico, mostly in San Juan 

 County; district No. 11 is the Portales district in 

 Roosevelt County, being developed by pumping. 



At the present time the leading horticultural indus- 

 tries are fruit-growing and truck-gardening, fruit-grow- 

 ing being the leading and most important one. The 

 horticultural districts in New Mexico, on the whole, 

 are better suited for fruit-growing than for truck crops. 

 The leading fruits are apples, peaches, pears, plums, and 



