NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2267 



grapes. Some cherries and quinces are also grown. In 

 the last ten years, much interest has developed in 

 apple-growing. Many large apple orchards have been 

 and are being planted in practically ah 1 of the horticul- 

 tural districts. From all indications, it is safe to say 

 that New Mexico will yet be an apple-producing state, 

 though pears and peaches will also be grown on a large 

 scale. The principal apple-growing sections at the 

 present time may be found at Roswell, Dexter, Artesia, 

 Hope, Mountain Park, Three Rivers, Cimarron, Taos, 

 Espanola, Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Socorro, Las Cruces, 

 Mesilla Park, Aztec, and Farmington. 



New Mexico has many different kinds of climate and 

 soil and for this reason it is impossible to make any 

 definite statements as to the adaptability of varieties 

 to all of the horticultural districts. As a 

 matter of fact, it is found that certain varieties 

 do better in certain parts of the state than in 

 others. The most widely grown varieties in the 

 ptate seem to be, at the present time, Red 

 June, Early Harvest, Yellow Transparent, 

 Maiden's Blush, Ben Davis, Mammoth Black 

 Twig, Gano, Black Ben Davis, Winesap, Jona- 

 than, Arkansas Black, Rome Beauty, and 

 White Winter Pearmain. In the lower and 

 warmer parts of the state, the Jonathan, King 

 David, Ben Davis, Gano, Black Ben Davis, 

 Winesap, Mammoth Black Twig, and Arkansas 

 Black are among the leading varieties. In the 

 cooler and higher altitudes these same varieties 

 are popular, with the exception of the Mam- 

 moth Black Twig, King David and Arkansas 

 Black. In place of these, Stayman Winesap, 

 Delicious, Grimes' Golden and White Winter 

 Pearmain are used. In the lower and warmer 

 valleys, the Delicious apple varies very ma- 

 teriafiy from the original Delicious type. 



There are not so many pears being grown 

 as there are apples, but in some of the horticul- 

 tural valleys there is a marked interest being 

 taken in growing this fruit. At the present 

 time in district No. 2, particularly in the Mesilla 

 Valley, many orchards are being planted to the 

 Bartlett pear. So far this fruit has not been 

 threatened by the dreaded pear-blight. The 

 climatic and soil conditions seem to be partic- 

 ularly well suited to the pear in some of the 

 lower and warmer districts. In 1914 the first two 

 carloads of fancy Bartlett pears were shipped 

 to New Orleans markets from young orchards 

 in district No. 2. This industry promises to 

 become a very important one. Aside from the Bartlett, 

 the Doyenne d'Ete, Howell, Clapp Favorite, Flemish 

 Beauty, D'Anjou, Winter Nelis, and Winter Bartlett 

 comprise a good list of varieties of pears to plant in 

 New Mexico. So far the Bartlett orchards have not 

 shown any indications of trouble due to self-sterility of 

 the variety. However, to be on the safe side, there 

 should be at least two varieties used with the Bartlett, 

 if for no other purpose than for cross-pollination. 

 These varieties may be the D'Anjou, the Whiter 

 Bartlett, or Winter Nelis. 



The peach probably holds second place among the 

 orchard-fruits grown in the state at the present time. 

 In the lower and warmer valleys this species grows very 

 well and blooms very heavily. The greatest drawback 

 to the peach is the injury to the blossoms or young fruit 

 from the late spring frosts. This injury may be miti- 

 gated to some degree by the proper and judicious use 

 of smudge pots. Peach-growing is conducted on a com- 

 paratively large scale in districts Nos. 2, 3, 5, and 10. 

 The largest commercial peach orchards are to be found 

 at Carlsbad, Tularosa, Las Cruces and Farmington. 

 Most of the varieties that have been tried seem to do 

 well, but the following is a list which has become some- 

 what popular and the varieties are given in the order 



of their ripening, Alexander, Hynes' Surprise, Texas 

 King, Mamie Ross, Carman, Elberta, Late Crawford, 

 Crothers, and Salway. The Alexander and Hynes' 

 Surprise are the latest-blooming varieties and are the 

 earliest to ripen. Because they are very late in bloom- 

 ing they are, as a rule, the surer bearers. The Texas 

 King, Mamie Ross and Crothers are medium late in 

 blooming and, as a rule, are sure bearers. In this class, 

 so far as blooming is concerned, may be listed the Late 

 Crawford and Salway. The earliest blooming com- 

 mercial variety is the Elberta, and this peach fails 

 oftener to bear than any other variety. Experiments 

 show that it is not safe to count on more than one full 

 crop in five years. The new peach, the J. H. Hale, which 

 is very promising in many respects, appears to be an 



2528. 



O 50 IOO 



New Mexico, with the main agricultural and horticultural districts. 



(Irrigated districts.) 



early bloomer, blooming as early, if not earlier, than 

 the Elberta. 



The apricot is one of the hardiest and most resistant 

 fruit-trees to unfavorable conditions, but ah 1 of the 

 varieties tried bloom entirely too early to escape the 

 late spring frosts, and for this reason it is not considered 

 a profitable fruit to grow. 



Districts Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10 seem to be well 

 suited for plum-growing. Almost any variety of plums 

 seems to grow well in most of these districts. Varieties 

 of the European group are best suited for New Mexico 

 conditions, as they are extremely late bloomers. As 

 a rule they bloom as late, and hi some cases later, than 

 the apples. Coe's Golden Drop, Jefferson, Imperial 

 Gage, Green Gage, Pond's Seedling, Yellow Egg, 

 Shippers' Pride, Robe de Sargent, German prune and 

 French prune are among the leading varieties. The 

 Japanese plums bloom entirely too early and for this 

 reason they can hardly be expected to bear a satis- 

 factory crop. more than once in every five years. In 

 this group of plums may be found some of the best 

 eating and early ripening varieties. The Japanese 

 plums are not considered profitable to grow. There are 

 a number of satisfactory native plums. In this group 

 may be found a wider range of blooming periods than 



