NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2269 



Through the Experiment Station and the Extension 

 Department a large amount of extension work in horti- 

 culture is going on all over the state. 



There has been very little interest taken in the state 

 relative to the inspection of trees for insects and dis- 

 eases, though there is a state law providing for this 

 work. 



There has not been much interest in the state in 

 horticultural organizations. In 1900 a horticultural 

 society was organized with its headquarters at Santa 

 Fe. At the present time there are boards of horticulture 

 in San Juan and Chaves counties. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of New Mexico in 1910 

 was 78,401,920 acres. The land in farms was 11,270,021 

 acres, or 14.4 per cent of the land area. Of this land in 

 farms, 1,467,191 acres were improved; 1,491,025 were 

 woodland; and 8,311,805 acres, other unimproved land. 

 The number of all the farms in the state in 1910 was 

 35,676 and the average acreage to the farm 315.9. 

 [The total area is 122,634 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops of the state are hay 

 and forage and cereals. The acreage occupied by hay 

 and forage increased from 87,358 in 1899 to 368,409 in 

 1909, when the production was valued at $4,469,709, or 

 50.1 per cent of the total value of all crops. Cereals 

 increased in acreage from 96,402 in 1899 to 218,037 in 

 1909, when the production was valued at $2,382,996, 

 or 26.7 per cent of the total value of all crops. The 

 value of the forest products of farms in 1909 was $253,- 

 822, as compared with $34,268 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops produced in New Mexico are 

 fruits and nuts, small-fruits, vegetables including pota- 

 toes, and flowers and plants and nursery products. The 

 value of fruits and nuts produced in 1909 was $536,165, 

 as compared with $231,211 hi 1899. Small-fruits in- 

 creased in acreage from 48 in 1899 to 66 in 1909, when 

 the production was 76,532 quarts, valued at $9,335. 

 The total acreage of potatoes and other vegetables 

 increased from 5,203 in 1899 to 14,660 in 1909, when the 

 production was valued at $820,497. Excluding pota- 

 toes, the acreage of vegetables increased from 4,034 in 

 1899 to 8,219 in 1909, when the production was valued 

 at $567,154. The production of flowers, and plants and 

 nursery products in 1909 was valued at $40,303. 



The total production of orchard-fruits in 1909 was 

 504,059 bushels, valued at $519,677. Apples were the 

 most important of the orchard-fruits, the production in 

 1909 being 417,143 bushels, valued at $420,536. The 

 number of apple trees of bearing age in 1910 was 542,528; 

 those not of bearing age, 914,254. Peach and nectarine 

 trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 136,191; those 

 not of bearing age, 184,466, and the production in 1909 

 was 32,533 bushels, valued at $37,195. Pear trees of 

 bearing age in 1910 numbered 37,220; those not of 

 bearing age, 100,201, and the production in 1909 was 

 29,435 bushels, valued at $29,688. Other of the orchard 

 fruits produced in New Mexico were: 15,528 bushels 

 of plums and prunes, valued at $17,054; 6,384 bushels 

 of cherries, valued at $10,684; 2,379 bushels of apri- 

 cots, valued at $3,446; and 657 bushels of quinces, 

 valued at $1,074. 



Grapes and nuts are of comparatively little impor- 

 tance in New Mexico. The production of grapes in 1909 

 was 425,415 pounds, valued at $16,101; and that of 

 nuts, 1,498 pounds, valued at $195. However, the nut 

 industry seems to be on the increase, since the total 

 number of nut trees of bearing age in 1910 was 503, 

 while those not of bearing age numbered as many as 

 5,199. 



Strawberries are the most important of the small- 

 fruits in New Mexico. The acreage increased from 9 in 

 1899 to 20 in 1909, when the production was 35,634 

 quarts, valued at $4,086. The production of the other 

 small-fruits in 1909 was: 10,089 quarts of blackberries 



and dewberries, valued at 1,698; 10,222 quarts of 

 raspberries and loganberries, valued at $1,581; 14,800 

 quarts of gooseberries, valued at $1,348; 5,523 quarts 

 of currants, valued at $591; and cranberries to the value 

 of $10. 



The acreage of potatoes increased from 1,122 in 1899 

 to 6,230 in 1909, when the production was 295,255 

 bushels, valued at $234,636. Sweet potatoes and yams 

 increased in acreage from 47 in 1899 to 211 in 1909, 

 when the production was 13,831 bushels, valued at 

 $18,707. Other vegetables of importance produced in 

 New Mexico in 1909 were: 491 acres of cantaloupes and 

 muskmelons, valued at $36,095; 260 acres of green 

 peppers, valued at $17,228; 106 acres of cabbage, valued 

 at $15,034; 287 acres of watermelons, valued at $13,978; 

 49 acres of celery, valued at $13,500; 97 acres of onions, 

 valued at $8,640; and 24 acres of asparagus, valued at 

 $7,660. Other vegetables produced were green beans, 

 sweet corn, squash, tomatoes, and turnips. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers and 

 plants increased from 5 in 1899 to 8 in 1909, when the 

 production was valued at $31,121. The total area 

 under glass in 1909 was 87,054 square feet, of which 

 59,752 square feet were covered by greenhouses, and 

 27,302 by sashes and frames. The acreage devoted to 

 nursery products decreased from 32 in 1899 to 24 in 1909, 

 when the value of the nursery products was $9,182, as 

 compared with $5,753 in 1899. FABIAN GARCIA. 



Arizona. 



Arizona (Fig. 2529) is divided nearly equally into 

 two climatic parts by a diagonal line running from 

 northwest to southeast through the state. The region 

 north and east of this line consists largely of plateaus, 

 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea-level, diversified by iso- 

 lated mountains and cut by eroded canons, including 

 the Grand Canon. The southwestern half of the state 

 is of comparatively low elevation and is crossed from 

 northwest to southeast by a succession of low moun- 

 tain chains and wide valleys. 



Nearly the whole drainage of Arizona passes by way 

 of the Colorado River to the Gulf of California. The 

 little Colorado drains the northeastern plateau into 

 the Grand Canon, while the Gila River collects the 

 drainage of the central and southern parts of the state 

 and joins the Colorado just above Yuma. 



In general, the climate of Arizona combines low 

 rainfall with a very high percentage of possible sun- 

 shine, a long hot season, frosty minimum temperatures 

 in winter, and low humidity. With respect to tempera- 

 ture and seasons, the state may be divided into two 

 distinct regions: The northeastern elevated half is 

 comparatively cool, with frostbound winters and tem- 

 perate summers; the southwestern, and lower, half is 

 arid, subtropical, with long hot summers, but with 

 moderate frosts in winter. 



With the help of irrigating waters, temperate-region 

 crops are grown in the northeastern section, while a 

 combination of temperate-region crops in winter and of 

 subtropical crops in summer are grown in the south- 

 western section. 



The daily range of temperature is great, averaging 

 about 30 F., and occasionally reaching as much as 

 50 F. Relative humidities of less than 10 per cent 

 occur in June; 80 per cent of possible sunshine occurs 

 during the year; average wind-movement ranges from 

 2 to 3 miles an hour at lower altitudes to 6 to 7 miles 

 at higher altitudes; and the maximum average annual 

 evaporation of 86.51 inches has been observed at 

 Tucson. 



The average yearly precipitation in Arizona ranges 

 from 3 to 5 inches along the Colorado River in 

 the west, to as much as 35 inches in the form of rain 

 and snow in the high mountain ranges of the state. 

 The comparatively abundant precipitation of the high- 



