2278 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



cent of the total value of all crops. The value of the 

 forest products of the farms in 1909 was $42,748, as 

 compared with $23,853 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops grown in Nevada are fruits and 

 nuts, small-fruits, vegetables, including potatoes, and 

 flowers and plants and nursery products. The value of 

 the fruits and nuts produced in 1909 was $97,128, as 

 compared with $16,752 in 1899, an increase in value of 

 479.8 per cent. Small-fruits decreased in acreage from 

 53 in 1899 to 37 in 1909, when the production was 50,287 

 quarts, valued at $5,683. The total acreage of potatoes 

 and other vegetables in 1909 was 6,822, as compared 

 with 3,164 in 1899; the production in 1909 was valued 

 at $661,803. Vegetables, not including potatoes, in- 

 creased in acreage from 924 in 1899 to 1,952 in 1909, 

 when their products were valued at $264,122. In 1909, 

 1 acre was devoted to flowers and plants and nursery 

 products, as compared with 5 acres in 1899, and the 

 value of the production in 1909 was $2,113. 



The production of all orchard-fruits in 1909 was 

 86,576 bushels, valued at $82,695. This production 

 was nearly six times as great as in 1899, when 15,287 

 bushels were produced. Apples are by far the most 

 important orchard fruit, producing nearly seven- 

 eighths of the total production in 1909, when 74,449 

 bushels of apples were produced, valued at $66,097. 

 The number of apple trees of bearing age in 1910 num- 

 bered 74,454; those not of bearing age, 16,868. The 

 other orchard-fruits of any importance in 1909 were: 

 4,083 bushels of pears, valued at $5,119; 3,857 bushels 

 of plums and prunes, valued at $4,654; 3,171 bushels of 

 peaches and nectarines, valued at $4,500; and 524 

 bushels of apricots, valued at $1,418. In addition, 

 cherries were produced to the value of $894, and 

 quinces to the value of $13. 



The production of grapes in 1909 amounted to 376,- 

 205 pounds, valued at $12,045, as compared with 287,600 

 pounds, the production in 1899. The number of vines 

 of bearing age in 1910 numbered 26,607; those not of 

 bearing age 7,941. 



The production of nuts and tropical fruits in Nevada 

 is relatively unimportant. In 1909, almonds were pro- 

 duced to the value of $606; Persian or English walnuts 

 to the value of $20. Of the tropical fruits, in 1909, 

 45,550 pounds of pomegranates were produced, valued 

 at $915; and 29,270 pounds of figs, valued at $818. 



Of the small-fruits, the raspberries and loganberries 

 are the most important, with gooseberries and straw- 

 berries next in importance. In 1909 the production of 

 raspberries and loganberries was 17,841 quarts, valued 

 at $1,901; that of gooseberries, 11,355 quarts, valued at 

 $1,317; that of strawberries, 11,189 quarts, valued at 

 $1,218; that of currants, 8,284 quarts, valued at $1,083; 

 and 1,078 quarts of blackberries and dewberries, valued 

 at $164. 



The acreage devoted to the production of potatoes 

 increased from 2,235 in 1899 to 4,864 in 1909, when the 

 production was 766,826 bushels, valued at $396,652. Of 

 the other vegetables grown in 1909 the more important 

 were : 399 acres of cantaloupes and muskmelons, valued 

 at $56,715; 124 acres of onions, valued at $32,523; 37 

 acres of lettuce, valued at $6,380; 43 acres of cabbage, 

 valued at $5,467; 27 acres of asparagus, valued at 

 $2,973; 34 acres of watermelons, valued at $2,923; and 

 10 acres of tomatoes, valued at $2,126. Vegetables of 

 minor importance grown in 1909 were green beans, 

 beets, carrots, cauliflower, celery, sweet corn, green 

 peas, pumpkins, squash, and turnips. 



There was 1 acre devoted to the production of 

 flowers and plants in Nevada in 1909. The value of the 

 flowers and plants produced from this 1 acre was 

 $1,620. The total area under glass in 1909 was 4,600 

 square feet, all of which was covered by greenhouses. 

 The land devoted to nursery products in 1909 was less 

 than an acre, and their value $493. 



J. E. CHURCH, JR. 



PACIFIC STATES. 

 Washington. 



The state of Washington (Fig. 2532) is naturally 

 divided into two very different climatic areas. The 

 slope on the west side of the Cascade Mountains is 

 generally very rolling. The plains and mountain sec- 

 tions are usually covered with heavy timber. The 

 elevation is from sea-level to 3,000 feet and mountain 

 peaks extending to much greater elevations. The 

 rainfall in the sections varies from 20 to 100 inches 

 annually. The summers are generally warm and with 

 very light rainfall. The winters are usually cloudy with 

 a great deal of rain but with very little wind and cold 

 weather. 



The section of the state east of the Cascade Moun- 

 tains is a broken elevated plain with mountains in the 

 northern part of the state. The altitude varies from 

 500 to 3,600 feet, with mountains much higher. The 

 rainfall varies from 5 inches in the lowest valleys to 

 about 35 inches at elevations of 3,500 feet. There is 

 practically no rainfall during the summer months and 

 crop-production in the valley regions is developed 

 almost entirely by irrigation. The temperature is 

 equable and seldom reaches more than 16 below zero. 

 The changes in temperature during the winter are 

 usually gradual, and the extreme temperatures are 

 seldom accompanied by wind. 



The leading horticultural districts in the state are in 

 the Yakima Valley, Wenatchee Valley, Spokane Valley, 

 Okanogan Valley, and the lower Columbia Valley and 

 the valleys of the Snake River. In the western part of 

 the state the important horticultural districts are in 

 Clark, Thurston, Pierce, King, and Whatcom counties. 



Apple-growing is the leading horticultural industry 

 in the state and in all probability will be for years to 

 come. The fruit-growing sections producing apples in 

 the largest quantities rank in the order named : Yakima 

 Valley, Wenatchee Valley, Spokane Valley, Walla 

 Walla district, Okanogan district, and the Clarkston 

 district. The lower warm valleys grow the long-season 

 apples, like Yellow Newtown and Esopus, to perfection, 

 while the higher altitudes are best adapted to a shorter- 

 season fruit, like the Wealthy and the Gravenstein. 

 All apples color finely, and are very fair in appearance. 



The greatest prune-growing area in the state is in 

 Clark County. The Italian prune (Fellenberg plum) is 

 planted in great numbers on both sides of the state. 

 The French prune (Agen, Prune d'Agen, Petite, and the 

 like), is planted in considerable numbers, but nothing 

 like the Italian. Washington seems to be unable to 

 compete with California in the production of this fruit. 

 Nevertheless it is fairly profitable in Washington, yield- 

 ing about the same number of pounds to the tree as the 

 Italian, and selling in the eastern markets at a good 

 price. But the Italian usually sells for more money, 

 as the fruit is much larger. The Silver prune, or Coe 

 plum (Coe Golden Drop), is a large, handsome prune 

 when well prepared ana always brings a good market 

 price, selling for 2 or 3 cents a pound more than Italian 

 or French. Not a great many are planted, and in some 

 cases the prune-growers work their Silver prunes over 

 to Italians. There are numerous varieties of prunes 

 planted on the coast, but none in so great quantities as 

 the Italian. Much of the fruit of this prune is shipped 

 green, i. e., in a half-ripe condition. This finds its way 

 to the most eastern markets, and some of it even to 

 England. The fruit of the Italian stands shipment 

 better than any other variety. Most large growers have 

 evaporators in their orchards, and the most of the fruit 

 is preserved in this way. 



Pears are grown to great perfection in almost every 

 part of the state, but there is no finer fruit than that 

 which comes from the low warm valleys of the Snake, 

 the Columbia, Walla Walla, and Yakima. The Bartlett 



