2284 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



products increased in acreage from 1,072 in 1899 to 

 2,298 in 1909, when the production was valued at 

 $1,051,853. 



The total production of orchard-fruits in 1909 was 

 4,423,244 bushels, an increase of 190.6 per cent over 

 the production in 1899: Apples were the most impor- 

 tant of the orchard-fruits, with plums and prunes 

 second in importance. The number of apple trees of 

 bearing age in 1910 was 2,029,913; those not of bearing 

 age, 2,240,636, and the production in 1909 was 1,930,926 

 bushels, valued at $1,656,944. The plums and prune 

 trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 1,764.896; those 

 not of bearing age, 427,609, and the production in 1909 

 was 1,747,587 bushels, valued at $838,783. Pear trees 

 of bearing age in 1910 numbered 273,542; those not of 

 bearing age, 795,669; and the production in 1909 was 

 374,622 bushels, valued at $366,977. Cherry trees of 

 bearing age in 1910, numbered 223,456; those not of 

 bearing age, 313,770; and the production in 1909 was 

 181,089 bushels, valued at $269,934. Peach and nec- 

 tarine trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 273,162; 

 those not of bearing age, 508,179; and the production 

 in 1909 was 179,030 bushels, valued at $194,314. 

 Other orchard fruits produced were 4,616 bushels of 

 apricots, valued at $7,727, and 5,354 bushels of quinces, 

 valued at $5,140. 



The production of grapes in 1909 was 3,206,874 

 pounds, valued at $98,776. The vines of bearing age 

 in 1910 numbered 381,302; those not of bearing age 

 468,598. 



The production of nuts in 1909 was 177,632 pounds, 

 valued at $13,208. English or Persian walnuts are the 

 most important nut, the production in 1909 being 

 79,060 pounds, valued at $8,288. The English walnut 

 trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 9,526; those not 

 of bearing age, 177,004. Other nuts produced in 1909 

 were: 17,515 quarts of almonds, valued at $2,468: 

 69,097 pounds of black walnuts, valued at $1,333; and 

 5,731 pounds of chestnuts, valued at $599. 



Of the small-fruits, strawberries are the most impor- 

 tant in Oregon, with raspberries and loganberries 

 ranking next. The acreage devoted to strawberries 

 increased from 1,792 in 1899 to 2,941 in 1909, when the 

 production was 5,322,040 quarts, valued at $395,349. 

 Raspberries and loganberries increased in acreage from 

 479 in 1899 to 1,460 in 1909, when the production was 

 2,644,948 quarts, valued at $150,729. Blackberries 

 and dewberries decreased in acreage from 717 in 1899 

 to 431 in 1909, when the production was915,744 quarts, 

 valued at $61,066. Other small-fruits produced were: 

 307,395 quarts of gooseberries, valued at $20,893; 

 117,354 quarts of currants, valued at $9,452; and 40,864 

 quarts of cranberries, valued at $3,527. 



The acreage of potatoes increased from 30,035 in 

 1899 to 44,265 in 1909, when the production was 

 4,822,962 bushels, valued at $2,098,648. Of the other 

 vegetables produced the more important were: 721 

 acres of onions, valued at $168,261; 591 acres of cab- 

 bage,- valued at $65,296; 203 acres of tomatoes, valued at 

 $39,060; 568 acres of watermelons, valued at $32,842; 

 198 acres of cucumbers, valued at $22,825; 457 acres of 

 sweet corn, valued at $21,371; 113 acres of cantaloupes 

 and muskmelons, valued at $14,337; 24 acres of celery, 

 valued at $14,290; and 50 acres of horse-radish, valued 

 at $13,570. Vegetables of less importance grown in 

 Oregon in 1909, were asparagus, green beans, beets, 

 carrots, cauliflower, pop-corn, lettuce, parsnips, rhu- 

 barb and squash. The whole range of temperate vege- 

 tables can be grown in the state. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers 

 and plants increased from 58 in 1899 to 130 in 1909. 

 The total area under glass in 1909 was 716,543 square 

 feet, of which 672,207 were covered by greenhouses, 

 and 44,336 by sashes and frames. The value of the 

 flowers and plants produced in 1909 was $268,833. 



The acreage of nursery products increased from 



1,014 in 1899 to 2,168 in 1909, when the value of the 

 nursery products was $783,020, as compared with 

 $151,498 in 1899. c . L LEWIS 



California. 



The horticultural resources of the state of California 

 (Fig. 2534) can best be understood by a careful and 

 thorough study of its geographical features, preferably 

 by a contour map. Its more striking features consist 

 of a rugged coast-line of a thousand miles on the ocean ; 

 a rugged, much-broken group of interlocked mountain 

 chains, forming, as a whole, the great Coast Range, with 

 its fertile valleys, plains, uplands, forests and pastures; 

 a vast interior valley-plain, one of the richest in the 

 world (the Sacramento and the San Joaquin valleys); 

 the high Sierra Nevada Mountains along the north- 

 east and east sloping down to the deserts, the Death 

 Valley, and Saltpn Sink. This great region has marked 

 unity and individuality, a multitude of local climates, 

 much variety of soil and rainfall, and physical condi- 

 tions which strongly differentiate it from the remainder 

 of the United States. Its length north and south is 

 780 miles, and its width is from 150 to 350 miles. It is 

 the second largest state in the Union, and the value of 

 its staple horticultural products places it notably in the 

 lead in these industries. New York, Ohio, Maine, New 

 Jersey, Vermont, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 

 Connecticut, Delaware, and Rhode Island, united, have 

 a less area than California. 



The range of products grown in California is greater 

 than that of all the remainder of the United States; the 

 humid sea-level islands of Florida are adapted to some 

 plants, such as cassava, which thrive but poorly in 

 California, but on the sheltered uplands of California 

 many species which entirely fail in P'lorida are perfectly 

 at home. 



In many places in California, a botanical garden 

 might easily be established where a greater number of 

 species of plants and trees would thrive than have yet 

 been brought together anywhere else in outdoor cul- 

 ture. The United States Bureau of Plant Industry has 

 now (1915) test-gardens in various places as far north 

 as Ghico, where many species of exotics are thriving. In 

 ordinary cultivation in California one finds, and often 

 on an enormous scale, the vines, walnuts and prunes of 

 France; the olives, oranges, lemons, chestnuts, figs and 

 pomegranates of Italy and Spain; the acacias, eucalypts. 

 casuarinas and salt-bushes of Australia; the melons of 

 Turkestan; the rice of China; the cotton and tobacco 

 of the South; the hemp, flax, rye, Russian mulberries, 

 and other products of the more extreme North, the 

 cereals of the great West, the bulbs of Holland, the costly 

 seed-crops of European gardens, and, in brief, examples 

 of all the useful horticultural productions of the tem- 

 perate zones, together with the greater part of the spe- 

 cies of the semi-tropical and even some plants from the 

 tropical regions. More than a hundred species of 

 palms grow at Santa Barbara; many species of bamboo 

 thrive at Bakersfield, and as far north as the base of 

 Shasta. Eucalypts, acacias, camphor and cinnamon 

 grow over the greater part of the state. 



While the American pioneers of Kentucky wore 

 fighting the Indians and struggling to obtain the right 

 to navigate the Mississippi, the Spanish pioneers of 

 California were raising seedling peach, pear, lemon, 

 orange and date-palm trees, were growing figs, grapes, 

 and olives from cuttings brought from Mexico, and 

 were making marvelous beginnings of horticulture 

 about the early missions. After the American conquest, 

 and the gold discovery of 1848, horticulture gained a 

 foothold in the mountain lands below the Sierra peaks. 

 Every village and town had its gardens and its begin- 

 nings of orchards. Soon the thoughts of men turned to 

 the broad, fertile, untilled valleys, and in a few years 

 the wheat farmer became the typical Californian. 



