2286 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



Acreage Acreage 



Class of fruit bearing non-bearing 



Grape, table 35,859 17,970 



Grape, raisin 108,882 19,385 



Grape, wine 125,109 35,518 



Total acreage of vines. . .269,850 72,873 



Total of all vines 342,723 acres 



In 1914, the state had nearly 1,200,000 acres in 

 orchards. 



The five leading counties in their acreage of table 

 grapes are San Joaquin, Fresno, Sacramento, Tulare 

 and Placer. In raisin grapes, Fresno greatly leads, with 

 Kings second, and Sutter third. Fresno, Napa and San 

 Joaquin lead in wine grapes; Santa Cruz, Sonoma and 

 Mendocino have the greatest number of apple trees; 

 Santa Clara, Kings, Alameda and Ventura of apricots; 

 Fresno, Kings, Placer and Santa Clara, of peaches; 

 Fresno and Los Angeles of figs; Fresno and Placer of 

 nectarines; Los Angeles, Riverside and Tehama of 

 olives; Santa Clara, Sonoma and Placer, of plums and 

 prunes; San Bernardina, Los Angeles, Riverside and 

 Tulare of citrous fruits. 



In recent years, the nursery business has been 

 greatly extended, particularly in southern California, 

 where the demand for rare plants and trees is con- 

 stantly increasing. 



Active clubs and associations of florists, gardeners, 

 nurserymen, and amateurs interested in horticulture 

 exist in various parts of California. In Ventura, Santa 

 Barbara, the Lompoc Valley, Pasadena, Whittier, 

 Santa Ana, Pomona, Riverside, and over a large area 

 around Los Angeles, also in Santa Clara, Alameda, 

 Marin, Sonoma, and other counties, many of the lesser 

 horticultural industries are gaining strength year by 

 year, as population increases. 



The growth of parks, fine estates, and horticultural 

 collections of note, while not as yet developing into a 

 really great botanic garden, such as California should 

 have, has still been noteworthy. The Golden Gate 

 Park of San Francisco, the parks and public squares of 

 Oakland, San Jose, Sacramento, Fresno, Los Angeles, 

 Riverside, Pasadena, Redlands, San Diego, and many 

 other cities, are becoming of much interest and im- 

 portance. The beauty and, indeed, the splendor, of 

 thousands of superb private estates around San Fran- 

 cisco, north, south, and on the east side of the Bay, in 

 Santa Cruz and Monterey, and in southern California, 

 have achieved a world-wide fame. Of especial impor- 

 tance are the Bidwell collections at Chico, the Gillespie 

 arboretum at Montecito, Smiley Heights at Redlands, 

 the Del Monte gardens near Monterey, the Stanford 

 plantings at Palo Alto, the Tevis bamboos near Bakers- 

 field, the collections of Dr. Pierce at Santa Ana, the 

 government plant-gardens at Altadena, Chico, and 

 other points, and the University of California stations 

 at Berkeley and Santa Monica. 



One of the most impressive facts connected with 

 California horticulture is the extent to which state and 

 national study of the problems involved has resulted in 

 better methods and more complete organization. The 

 citrous industry in particular has greatly profited from 

 the investigations made by experts upon cultural 

 methods, packing details, and so on. The University 

 of California, the Experiment Station and institute 

 work, have everywhere taught scientific methods and 

 organization, until now (1912) the effectiveness of the 

 fruit exchanges, and the general interest in the move- 

 ment toward complete standardization of methods and 

 products is everywhere increasing. One of the greatest 

 factors in this progress is the State Horticultural Com- 

 mission, formerly the State Board of Horticulture. 



California has had many horticultural publications, 

 large and small ; some of them continue, and others enter 

 the field every year. The Pacific Rural Press, although 



not horticultural in name, has presented the horticul- 

 tural adaptabilities from its foundation in 1870, under 

 the editorship of Professor Wickson. The official liter- 

 ature, state and national, and the mass of reports upon 

 its horticultural industries which envoys from other 

 countries have issued, is very large indeed. 



The most striking single fact, however, in regard to 

 California horticulture appears to be that since 1900 it 

 has shown a marked tendency toward systematic 

 organization and the most painstaking scientific study 

 of its problems, to the end that as new horticultural 

 centers develop, and older ones increase, each com- 

 munity will specialize according to its local resources. 

 At the present time (1912) a committee of nursery- 

 men are collecting and tabulating all available facts in 

 regard to the percentage of trees which reach profitable 

 bearing under different conditions, and in different 

 localities. A similar spirit of investigation extends to 

 all the minor horticultural industries, so numerous and 

 so rapidly increasing in importance with a growing 

 population. The planting of eucalpyts on a large and 

 widely-advertised scale, has lessened, but still goes on. 

 Acacias are being planted, to some extent, for tanbark, 

 and bamboos for furniture. 



The horticultural development of California has come 

 in large measure from the tireless efforts of many and 

 hard-working pioneers in every department. Nursery- 

 men and gardeners like Fox, West, Rock, Lewelling, 

 Sievers, spent their profits in experiments and intro- 

 ductions. Men and women like E. L. Beard, General 

 John Bidwell and his wife, J. DeBarth Shorb, of San 

 Gabriel, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, Mrs. Theodosia B. 

 Shepherd, of Ventura, Mrs. M. E. Sherman, and many 

 others, did noble pioneer work. 



Public-service agencies for horticulture. (W. T. Clarke.) 



The Land-Grant College is situated at Berkeley, and 

 was established in 1868. The horticultural staff con- 

 sists of thirty members. Aside from the usual equip- 

 ment, the department has about 100 acres in the cen- 

 tral and northern part of the state devoted to orchard 

 purposes, and 200 acres devoted to the same purpose 

 at the Riverside Citricultural Station. 



The Experiment Station is also located at Berkeley, 

 although the larger part of the work is done at the 

 farm at Davis, the Kearney farm near Fresno and at the 

 Riverside Station. A small amount of work is also done 

 at the Imperial Valley Station, near Meloland. About 

 160 horticultural bulletins and 62 circulars have been 

 issued. 



Extension work in horticulture is given in connection 

 with farmers' institutes, movable or extension schools 

 and agricultural rural improvement clubs. An extensive 

 correspondence is also carried on by the department. 



Horticulture is taught in many of the public schools. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of California comprises 

 99,617,280 acres, of which 27,931,444, or 28 per cent, 

 are in farms. Of these 27,931,444 acres in farms, 11,- 

 389,894, or 40.8 per cent, are unimproved; 4,541,767 

 acres are in woodland; and 11,999,783 acres are unim- 

 proved. The total number of farms in the state is 

 88,197. The average acres to the farm are 316.7. [The 

 total area of the state is 158,297 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops are cereals, hay and 

 forage, hops, sugar crops, and forest products. The 

 cereals occupied 17.3 per cent of the improved land, or 

 1,970,492 acres, in 1909, a decrease in acreage of 50.8 

 per cent since 1899, when they occupied 4,004,254 acres. 

 The value of the cereal products in 1909 was $28,039,826. 

 Hay and forage occupied 22.2 per cent of the improved 

 land area in 1909, or 2,533,347 acres, an increase in 

 acreage of 13.1 per cent since 1899, when they occupied 

 2,239,601 acres. The value of hay and forage in 1909 

 was $42,187,215. The acreage of hops increased from 



