NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



6,890 in 1899 to 8,391 in 1909, an increase of 21.8 per 

 cent. The value of hop products in 1909 was $1,731,110. 

 Sugar crops increased in acreage 92.4 per cent, from 

 an acreage of 41,382 in 1899 to 79,604 in 1909. The 

 value of the sugar crops in 1909 was $4,335,358. The 

 value of the forest products increased from $1,724,378 

 in 1899 to $2,949,732 in 1909. 



The leading horticultural crops are fruits and nuts, 

 the products of which were valued at $49,917,655 in 

 1909; vegetables (including potatoes), the total acreage 

 of which, in 1909, was 151,962, and their value $12,121,- 

 958; flowers, plants and nursery products, the acre- 

 age of which was 5,816 in 1909, an increase of 62.2 per 

 cent since 1899, and their value $3,601,301; and small- 

 fruits comprising an acreage of 9,687 in 1909, an in- 

 crease of 54.2 per cent since 1899. The value of the 

 small-fruits in 1909 was $1,789,214. 



The total quantity of orchard-fruits producted in 

 California in 1909 was 31,501,507 bushels, valued at 

 $18,358,897. Plums and prunes, peaches and nectarines, 

 apples and apricots are the most important of the 

 orchard-fruits. In 1909, there were produced 9,317,979 

 bushels of plums and prunes, valued at $5,473,539; 

 9,267,118 bushels of peaches and nectarines, valued at 

 $4,573,775; 6,335,073 bushels of apples, valued at 

 $2,901,662; and 4,066,823 bushels of aprictos, valued at 

 $2,768,921. Of the orchard-fruits of less importance, 

 there were produced in 1909, 1,928,097 bushels of pears, 

 valued at $1,660,963; 501,013 bushels of cherries, 

 valued at $951,624; and 32,638 bushels of quinces, 

 valued at $26,266, together with 52,766 bushels of 

 mulberries, valued at $2,147. 



The production of grapes in 1909 amounted to 

 1,979,686,525 pounds, valued at $10,846,812. The 

 number of vines of bearing age in 1910 was 144,097,670; 

 those not of bearing age, 39,526,319. 



The production of nuts in 1909 was 28,378,115 

 pounds, valued at $2,959,845. Most of the nuts were 

 Persian or English walnuts and almonds, there being 

 produced in 1909, 21,432,266 pounds of the former, 

 valued at $2,247,193 and 6,692,513 pounds of the latter, 

 valued at $700,304. The production of other nuts and 

 their value are as follows: 159,374 pounds of black wal- 

 nuts, valued at $2,562; 44,955 pounds of pecans, valued 

 at $4,632; 37,153 pounds of chestnuts, valued at $3,474; 

 and 4,550 pounds of Franquette, valued at $910. 



The value of the tropical fruits in 1909 was $16,752,- 

 101, an increase from $7,219,000 in 1899. The value of 

 oranges represents three-fourths of this total, and the 

 value of lemons is next in importance. In 1909, the 

 production of oranges was 14,436,180 boxes, valued at 

 $12,951,505; that of lemons 2,756,221 boxes, valued at 

 $2,976,571; that of olives, 16,132,412 pounds, valued 

 at $401,277; that of figs, 22,990,353 pounds, valued at 

 $260,153; and that of pomelos (grapefruit), 122,515 

 boxes, valued at $143,180. Other tropical fruits grown 

 in California are loquats, tangerines, guavas, Japanese 

 persimmons, pomegranates, mandarins and dates. 



Strawberries are by far the most important of the 

 small-fruits raised in California, with raspberries and 

 loganberries, and blackberries and dewberries ranking 

 second and third, respectively. The total production 

 in 1909 was 26,824,120 quarts, as compared with 14,852,- 

 000 quarts in 1899. The acreage of strawberries in- 

 creased from 2,418 in 1899 to 4,585 in 1909; the pro- 

 duction in 1909 was 15,694,326 quarts, valued at 

 $1,149,475. The acreage of raspberries and loganberries 

 increased from 987 in 1899 to 1,992 in 1909; the pro- 

 duction in 1909 was 5,222,117 quarts, valued at $304,- 

 169. The acreage of blackberries and dewberries in- 

 . creased from 1,960 in 1899 to 2,576 in 1909; the pro- 

 duction in 1909 was 4,898,524 quarts, valued at $282,- 

 383. The production of the other small-fruits, and their 

 value, in 1909, was as follows: currants, 852,378 quarts, 

 valued at $43,508; gooseberries, 145,119 quarts, valued 

 at $9,086, and cranberries, 10,656 quarts, valued at $443. 



Of the vegetables grown in California, potatoes, sweet 

 potatoes and yams are the most important. The acre- 

 age of potatoes in 1909 was 67,688, an increase of 60.8 

 per cent from that in 1899, when it was 42,098. The 

 production of potatoes, in 1909, was 9,824,005, valued 

 at $4,879,449. During the same period, the acreage 

 of sweet potatoes and yams increased 218 per cent; an 

 increase from 1,607 acres in 1899 to 5,111 acres, in 1909. 

 The production in 1909 was 572,814 bushels, valued at 

 $355,624. The leading vegetables, other than potatoes, 

 sweet potatoes and yams, their acreage, and value in 

 1909 follow: asparagus, 9,399 acres, valued at $448,694; 

 green beans, 7,646 acres, valued at $309,439; cabbage, 

 3,647 acres, valued at $306,858; cantaloupes, 5,784 

 acres, valued at $406,944; celery, 2,881 acres, valued at 

 $381,759; onions, 4,391 acres, valued at $472,808; 

 tomatoes, 5,932 acres, valued at $504,704; and water- 

 melons, 6,065 acres, valued at $255,977. Among the 

 other vegetables grown were beets, carrots, cauliflower, 

 sweet corn, cucumbers, lettuce, green peas, green pep- 

 pers, rhubarb, turnips, and squash. 



The total acreage of flowers and plants in 1909 was 

 1,013, as compared with 672 in 1899. The number of 

 square feet under glass in 1909 was 5,037,132, of which 

 4,422,423 were covered by greenhouses and 614,709 by 

 sashes and frames. The value of the products from 

 flowers and plants in 1909 was $1,388,513. 



The acreage of nursery products increased 64.8 per 

 cent from 1899 to 1909, the number of acres being 

 4,803 in 1909, as compared with 2,914 in 1899. The 

 value of the nursery products in 1909 was $2,212,788, 

 as compared with $558,329 in 1899. 



CHARLES H. SHINN. 



ALASKA. 



When considered from a horticultural or agricultural 

 point of view, Alaska (Fig. 2535) may be very conveni- 

 ently divided into two divisions, the southern coast 

 region and the interior. These two regions differ very 

 materially in their climate, and may be ultimately 

 found as unlike in their possibilities. The climate of the 

 coast region, which extends from Dixon's Entrance 

 on the southeast to Unalaska on the southwest, is 

 characterized by a heavy rainfall, a great preponderance 

 of cloudy weather, and a rather low summer tempera- 

 ture, with little or no diurnal variation in the readings of 

 the thermometer. The winter temperature is not exces- 

 sively cold, zero weather being seldom experienced, 

 while in the summer it is seldom high. The average rain- 

 fall, as shown by data from the Government Weather 

 Service, varies between 55.9 inches at Killisnoo to 112 

 inches at Sitka, 113.6 inches at Unalaska, and 144.5 

 inches at Fortman Fish Hatchery, about one-third of 

 the precipitation falling during the growing period, 

 from May to September. The data concerning the 

 interior portion of the country are mainly from along 

 the Yukon River, that being the great thoroughfare 

 of the region, and also from the valleys of the Tanana 

 and Copper rivers. Here the rainfall is slight, varying 

 between 9.31 inches at Copper Center, 10.8 inches at 

 Rampart, and 13.6 inches at Fairbanks, and during 

 summer clear skies are the rule. The intense cold of 

 winter is followed by comparatively warm temperature 

 in the summer, with a growing period of about four 

 months, although occasional frosts have been reported 

 from the upper part of the valley during the summer 

 months. Maximum temperatures of above 90 F. have 

 been reported from a number of interior stations. The 

 regions about Cook Inlet and the lower part of the 

 valley of the Susitna River have an intermediate cli- 

 mate, more rainfall than the interior valleys, and colder 

 winters than those of the coast region. 



The soils of the two regions, which in many places 

 are thin and from various causes quite acid in reaction, 

 are very similar, being largely of vegetable origin over- 



