2330 



(ENOTHERA 



(ENOTHERA 



nearly 1% in. long; unopened bud an inch long or less; 

 petals obcordate, broader than long, 1 in. wide ; stigmas 

 surrounded by the anthers and self-pollinated in the 

 bud: caps. 1 in. long, loosely aggregated in the lower 

 part of the spike, more densely above, shorter than the 

 subpersistent leafy bracts. Intro, into Eu. from 

 Amer., and now a common weed in 

 the Old World. Gn. 26, p. 480. It is 

 somewhat coarse and has little to 

 recommend it to cult., although it is 

 larger-fld. and more beautiful than the 

 common American plants, which, 

 although they are different from the 

 species here described, pass under the 

 name (E. biennis. In France and other 

 European countries, the roots of (E. 

 biennis are said to be used as a vege- 

 table, after the manner of salsify or 

 oyster plant. The root should be eaten, 

 according to Vilmorin, "at the end of 

 the first year of its growth." (E. biennis 

 is now unknown as a wild plant in 

 Amer., although it will probably be 

 found among the numerous locally 

 distributed forms which have not yet 

 been adequately studied. A number of 

 obscure kinds pass in Amer. under the 

 name (E. biennis. Most of them are 

 more weedy than the European species 

 and the roots are generally woody and 

 tough. A var. hirsutissima ((E. fran- 

 ciscdna, Bartlett) is offered in Calif., 

 described as having sts. stout and red- 

 dish: Ivs. hairy, light green, lanceolate: 

 fls. large, bright yellow. 



Var. grandifldra, Lindl. ((E. grandi- 

 fldra, Ait.). Plant large and strong: 

 lower Ivs. often pinnatifid: fls. much 

 larger, the petals 1-2^ in. long; buds 

 glabrous and usually red-spotted. B.M. 

 2068. B.R. 1604. Gn. 26, p. 482; 46, 

 p. 64. Very showy when the fls. open. 

 Commoner southward. Seeds sold 

 under this name are usually the next 

 species. 



6. Lamarckiana, Hort. Differs from 

 the above in its densely red-tuberculate sts., broad 

 crinkled Ivs. and much larger fls. : the stigmas are longer 

 than the stamens and are pollinated by insects after the 

 buds open: the buds are densely pilose and viscid: the 

 fls. open suddenly about dusk and are immediately vis- 

 ited by the sphinx moths. This species is unknown 

 in the wild state. It is suspected by some of having 

 had a horticultural origin, but by others considered 

 more probable that it is a wild species which will yet 

 be rediscovered in its native region. It has become the 

 subject of an enormous literature, due to de Vries' 

 discovery that it gives rise to distinct true-breeding 

 derivatives (mutations) in every generation. These 

 mutations are considered to throw light on the vexed 

 question of the origin of species and horticultural varie- 

 ties. The most interesting of them are a giant form, 

 (E. gigas, and a dwarf, (E. nanella. Others are (E. 

 rubrinervis, (E. lata, (E. brevistylis, and (E. oblonga, 

 whose names suggest the characters in which they differ 

 from the parent species. They are cult, in most botanic 

 gardens, but are not offered by the trade. (E. Lamarck- 

 iana closely resembles several beautiful species of the 

 W. which have not been intro. into cult. (E. rubricalyx, 

 Gates, is a derivative of (E. Lamarckiana, from which 

 it differs in having the calyx-tube and segms. a fine 

 rich red. G.C. III. 53:165. It is the only one of the 

 mutations referred to above which has been intro. into 

 general cult. It is known to the trade as "Sutton's 

 Afterglow." 



2566. Capsules 

 of evening prim- 

 rose CEnothera 

 biennis, as known 

 in North America. 

 (XM) 



V. SUBGENUS RAIMANNIA. 



St.-bearing: stigma deeply J+-cltft; calyx-tube very long 

 and filiform or linear: caps, narrow-cylindric, 

 obtusely J^-angled, with numerous seeds in 2 rows 

 in each locule: fls. yellow, mostly showy. 



7. Drummondii, Hook. One to 2 ft., from an oblique 

 or decumbent base, densely soft-pubescent: Ivs. lance- 

 oblong or oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, either gradu- 

 ally or abruptly tapering into a short petiole, entire or 

 slightly toothed: calyx-tube usually 2 in. long and very 

 narrow: fls. 2-3 in. across, nocturnal, bright yellow, 

 showy: caps. 1-2 in. long. Texas coast. B.M. 3361. 

 Perhaps biennial, but grown as an annual. 



VI. StTBGENUS ANOGRA. 



St.-bearing: stigma deeply b-dtft; calyx-tube elongated 

 and enlarging upward: caps, oblong or linear: fls. 

 white or pink, opening by day. 



8. albicaiilis, Pursh ((E. pinnatifida, Nutt. Anogra 

 albicaiilis, Brit.). Annual or biennial, low (1 ft. or less 

 tall), sts. white and shreddy, the branches ascending, 

 slightly pubescent or sparsely hairy: Ivs. lanceolate, 

 oblanceolate or lance-oblong, deeply pinnatifid or some 

 of the larger ones only strongly toothed, 4 in. or less 

 long, sessile or nearly so: fls. large (3 in. or less across), 

 diurnal, white and fading to rose, the petals obcordate. 

 Prairies, west. 



9. calif6rnica, Wats. ((E. albicaiilis var. califdrnica, 

 Wats.). Smaller and hoary-pubescent or vttlous, the 

 sts. only 3 or 4 in. long, ascending from a rootstock: 



2567. One of the sundrops CEnothera linearis. ( X l /) 



