2430 



PACKAGES 



PJEDERIA 



the fruit may be graded and the work of the pickers 

 examined. 



Cranberries are picked from the vines by special 

 machines or by hand, and packed in barrels. Occa- 

 sionally twenty-pound wooden cases are used. 



Vegetables (Figs. 2710-2718). 



Packages used for the shipment of vegetables are 

 not so evenly standardized as those used for fruits. 

 Custom, however, seems to be of about the same 

 importance, for similar vegetables grown in different 

 regions are packed in different ways. 



Asparagus is cut and tied in bunches of various sizes. 

 In a few sections the loose stalks are packed in small 

 boxes or crates, but the usual form is a "bunch," and 

 these bunches are packed in any handy-sized box. 



Hamper baskets holding from twenty-eight quarts 

 to one and one-fourth bushels are commonly used for 

 packing beans, corn, cucumbers, lettuce, peas, radishes, 

 spinach, sweet potatoes; but a variety of packages is 

 used for some of these products and for most of them 

 ventilated barrels are used. 



Beets are packed in crates, the same as cabbage. 



Brussels sprouts are shipped in quart boxes like small- 

 fruits, and these are placed in cases holding thirty- 

 two, forty-eight or sixty quarts, the forty-eight-quart 

 size being the most common. 



Field-grown cauliflower is packed in ventilated bar- 

 rels; the greenhouse product is packed in small flat 

 boxes or trays that will hold six heads (Fig. 2714). 



Packages for shipping celery are of many kinds. Each 

 producing district has its own packages. A common one 

 is a slat crate that varies from 6 by 8 by 24 inches to 

 10 by 26 by 24 inches. The plants, after being trimmed, 

 are packed upright in these crates, which may or may 

 not be lined with paper. With a fancy product, each 

 bunch is wrapped in paper. A tight flat box, holding 

 twenty-four or more bunches, is frequently used for 

 express shipments. 



Cucumbers are packed in baskets (Fig. 2715), hamp- 

 ers, flat boxes, and barrels. Lettuce is packed in barrels, 



is wrapped in paper. Special retail packages for celery 

 and sweet corn are shown in Figs. 2717 and 2718. 



Onions are shipped in bags holding two bushels, in 

 slat crates holding one bushel, in half-barrel hampers, 

 and various other types of packages, and also in bulk. 



2715. Basket-packed cucumbers, for a home trade. 



hampers, and frequently in crates 16 inches wide, 23 

 inches long and 8^ inches deep. Such a case will hold 

 two dozen heads of No. 1 or two and one-half dozen 

 heads of No. 2. 



Muskmelons are packed in Climax baskets, flat 

 boxes (Fig. 2716), and crates. Sometimes each melon 



2716. A twelve-melon package, used for the small 

 dessert varieties. 



Potatoes are commonly shipped loose in a box-car. 

 In cold weather, the car must be lined with paper and a 

 heater in each car keeps them warm enough to prevent 

 freezing. In some sections, the practice is to use bags 

 holding about two bushels. Barrels are frequently 

 used. Ventilated barrels are commonly used for sweet 

 potatoes. Special baking potatoes from some regions 

 are wrapped- in paper and packed in bushel boxes. 

 Squash is usually packed in ventilated barrels. Sweet 

 potatoes from New Jersey are packed in hamper 

 baskets; those grown in Virginia, in barrels. 



Tomatoes are packed in flat boxes, Climax 

 baskets, six-basket Georgia peach-carriers, 

 and hamper baskets. They may or may not 

 be wrapped in paper. For local markets, a 

 great assortment of packages are used, but 

 the peck and half-bushel market basket is 

 the most common. jj_ j. EUSTACE. 



P^DERIA (Latin, psedor, bad smell, refer- 

 ring to P. fatida). Rubiacese. Tropical 

 shrubby twiners. 



Slender twining plants, fetid when bruised, 

 with terete flexuous branches: Ivs. oppsite, 

 rarely in whorls of 3, petioled: fls. small, 

 mostly reddish or whitish, in axillary and 

 terminal dichotomous or trichotomously 

 branching panicled cymes, with or without 

 bractlets; corolla tubular or funnel-shaped; 

 throat glabrous or villous; lobes 4-5, valvate, 

 with crisped margins, often 3-lobed at apex: 

 fr. a small berry. Distinguished from allied 

 genera by the 2-locular ovary and 2 capillary 

 twisted stigmas. Species about 25, India, 

 Burma, Malay Archipelago, China, Mada- 

 gascar, Mex. to Brazil. They are little known 

 in cult., the following being a warmhouse 

 climber. It is sometimes known as Chinese 

 fever-plant. 



fcetida, Linn. Glabrous or nearly so: Ivs. long- 

 petioled, ovate or lanceolate, base acute, rounded or 

 cordate: fls. pink, the cyme branches opposite: fr. 

 broadly elliptic, much compressed : pyrenes black, with 

 a broad pale wing, separating from a filiform car- 

 pophore. India, Malaya. Oliver writes that it is 



