2458 



PAPAVER 



as the land can be put in condition. Cover lightly, or 

 the germination may be unsatisfactory. Thin to 6-12 in. 

 apart. Self-sown seeds give earlier-blooming plants. 



EE. Caps, more or less set'ulose. 



6. pavoninum, Fisch. & Mey. (P. pavbnium, 

 Stschegl.). PEACOCK POPPY. Annual, more or less 

 branched, 1 ft. or less high, hispid- 

 pilose: Ivs. pinnately parted, the 

 divisions oblong-linear and incised- 

 toothed, pilose: bud ovoid, nod- 

 ding: fls. about 1 in. across; petals 

 scarlet, dark -spot ted: caps, mi- 

 nute, ovate; stigmatic rays 4-7. 

 Sandy places of Turkestan and 

 Afghanistan. G.C. II. 26:329. 

 Botanically it is very distinct by 

 reason of 2 short horn-like append- 

 ages, one on each sepal near the 

 tip on the back. 



DD. St. elongated, sparsely leafy: 

 biennial. 



7. caucasicum, Bieb. Biennial, 

 more or less setose, glaucous, 1-2 

 ft., the root fusiform, erect, pani- 

 culately branched: Ivs. glaucous, 

 sparsely setulose or the petiole 

 densely so, lanceolate in outline, 

 pinnately parted, the segms. pin- 

 natifid and lobes ovate-oblong: 

 buds ovate: calyx glabrous or 

 sparsely setose; petals somewhat 

 in pairs, roundish, pale scarlet and 

 the claw usually yellowish: caps, 

 oblong, glabrous; stigmatic rays 

 3-6. Caucasus. B.M. 1675 (brick- 

 red, not spotted). 



8. floribundum, Desf . (P. cau- 

 casicum var. floribundum, Elk.). 

 Glaucous biennial, yellowish, his- 

 pid, the segms. of Ivs. 

 nearly entire or dentate : 

 fls. vermilion, the sta- 

 mens ochroleucus, hand- 

 some: caps, mostly ob- 

 long, glabrous. Caucasus 



region. B.R. 134. 



9. persicum, 

 Lindl. Biennial, 

 setose-hispid, 1-2 

 ft., paniculately 

 branched, st. 

 pyramidate: Ivs. 

 glaucous, oblong- 

 lanceolate in out- 

 line, pinnately 

 parted, the segms. 

 oblong - lanceolate 

 and entire or den- 

 tate: buds ob- 

 long; calyx setose; 

 petals overlapping 

 at the margin, deep red or brick-red, green-spotted at 

 base: caps, large and broad, densely hispid; stigmatic 

 rays 5-6. Persia. B.R. 1570 (petals brick-red, with or 

 without a white spot at the base). This has been, and 

 may still be, confused in the trade with P. caucasicum. 



cc. Herbage mostly glabrous (or very sparingly setulose), 

 glaucous, the st.-lvs. clasping and nearly entire or 

 incised-dentate . 



10. somniferum, Linn. (P. opiiferum, Forsk. P. 

 nlgrum, Crantz). OPIUM POPPY. Fig. 2751. Robust, 

 glaucous and glabrous annual, 34 ft. high, with fls. 

 4-5 in. across, much larger than those of any annual 



2752. Oriental poppy, Papaver 



orientale. (X 



kind: Ivs. oblong, unequally toothed at the base; st.-lvs. 

 cordate at the base, sinuate-repand to dentate-serrate, 

 very glaucous, clasping: fl.-bud ovoid-oblong, somewhat 

 obtuse at apex, glabrous; petals orbiculate, entire, 

 undulate or cut, from white through pink and red to 

 purple, but not yellow or blue : caps, globose, glabrous, 

 with a flat 8-12-lobed disk. Greece, Orient. Gn. 9, p. 

 197; 59, p. 127. Gt. 40, p. 609; 44, p. 593. R.H. 1893, 

 p. 349. S.H. 2:272. G. 3:125 (as var. nigrum). 

 Sparingly run wild in N. Amer. Very variable in color 

 of seeds, characters of caps., and form and color of 

 petals. Var. album, DC. (P. officindle, Gmel.), has fls. 

 and seeds white: caps, ovate-globose. 



Among the double horticultural forms of P. somnif- 

 erum are two main strains or types, the carnation-fld. 

 and the peony-fld. (the latter P. paeoniseflbrum, Hort.). 

 The former has fringed petals; the latter not. Both 

 include a wide range of color, and even a yellow form 

 has been advertised, but this form is of doubtful 

 authenticity. P. Mursellii is another strain of double 

 fringed kinds, of which Mikado is a favorite. P. fim- 

 bridtum is another trade name for double fringed varie- 

 ties. P. cardindle is the French name of another strain 

 of double fringed fls. Chinese poppies are a double-fld. 

 race intro. from Chinese gardens early in 1890, and 

 comprising dwarfer strains than previously known. 

 R.H. 1893, -p. 349. An exceptionally interesting mon- 

 strosity has occurred in which there are no petals, and 

 the stamens are supposed to be transformed into pistils 

 which actually ripen seed. It was figured as long ago as 

 1851 in F.S. 6, p. 242, and again in R.H. 1893, p. 349. 

 It seems to be no longer advertised, but it was con- 

 sidered to be constant. 



Among the single varieties, Danebrog is one of the 

 most striking and popular. The white spots at the base 

 of the petals form a cross. This variety is also known as 

 Danish Cross, Danish Flag and Victorian Cross. Of the 

 pure white kinds, Flag of Truce and The Bride are 

 favorites. Mephisto is scarlet, spotted black. About 

 a, dozen other varieties are advertised by name. 



11. setigerum, DC. (P. somniferum var. setigerum, 

 Elk.). Differs from P. somniferum in having deeply 

 incised Ivs. and 7-8 stigma-lobes, the petals violet, the 

 plant more setulose in parts: stigma-lobes 7-8. P. 

 setigerum is apparently no longer advertised, but accord- 

 ing to Nicholson numerous fine strains have originated 

 from it. It is usually considered a hairy form of P. 

 somniferum. It is a violet-fld. plant native to the Medit. 

 region. 



12. glaucum, Boiss. & Hausskn. (P. somniferum 

 var. glaucum, O. Kuntze). TULIP POPPY. Annual 

 (sometimes perennial?), glaucous and glabrous except a 

 few small, appressed bristles along the peduncles, 

 branched at the base: st.-lvs. broadly cordate at the 

 base, pinnately lobed or parted; the lobes triangular, 

 dentate; the teeth obtuse, callous, muticous: bud 

 ovoid, somewhat attenuate at top; petals large, scar- 

 let, spotted at the base: caps, ovate, stalked; stigmatic 

 rays about 12. Syria to Persia. Gt. 40, p. 608, repeated 

 in G.C. III. 10:527, R.B. 20, p. 58, S.H. 2:467 and V. 

 15:37. R.H. 1892, p. 463; 1893, p. 350. The plant 

 sold under this name reminds one immediately of a 

 tulip because of the color and texture of the fls., but 

 especially because of its cuplike shape. The 2 inner 

 petals are smaller, erect, and make a loose cup. The 

 plants grow about 12-18 in. high and produce 50-60 

 large fls. 



BB. Species perennial. 



c. Sts. elongated, more or less leafy: caps, glabrous. 



D. Branching dichotomous or corymbose. 



E. Fls. racemose. 



13. pildsum, Sibth. & Smith (P. olympicum, Sibth. 

 & Smith). Perennial: sts. tall and pilose, freely 

 branched: Ivs. covered with velvety, appressed hairs; 



