2462 



PAPAYA 



PAPHIOPEDILUM 



Two pests have become sufficiently troublesome in 

 south Florida to require attention, one of which, the 

 papaya fruit-fly (Toxotrypana curvicauda) , threatened 

 at one time to become serious (Cf . Journ. Agr. Research, 

 ii. 447-453, Knab & Yothers). This insect occurs in 

 several parts of tropical America; the female inserts 

 her eggs into the immature papaya by means of a long 

 ovipositor, and the larva? first feed in the central seed- 

 mass, but later work into the flesh of the fruit, fre- 

 quently rendering it unfit for human consumption. 

 The only means of control which have been suggested 

 are the destruction of wild plants and infested fruits, 

 and the production of varieties of the papaya with very 

 thick flesh, so that the female will be unable to reach 

 the seed cavity with her ovipositor; the young larva? 

 are unable to live in the flesh. A fungous disease, known 

 as papaya leaf-spot (Pucdniopsis canoe) frequently 

 attacks the foliage during the winter season, forming 

 small black masses on the under surfaces of the leaves. 

 It is not very destructive, and easily controlled by 

 spraying with bordeaux mixture. j\ \y. POPENOE. 



PAPEDA (Malayan name). Rutacese, tribe Citrese. 

 Under this name Hasskarl in 1842 created a new genus 

 to include a form closely related to if not identical with 

 Citrus Hystrix, DC. A number of species of Citrus 

 closely related to C. Hystrix have been reported from 

 the Indo-Malayan and western Polynesian regions. As 

 these species are for the most part only imperfectly 

 described, it is doubtful whether they are valid species 

 or forms of one polymorphic species. This group of 

 forms may constitute a subgenus under Citrus, dis- 

 tinguished by having very large broad-winged petioles 

 sometimes equaling or even exceeding in area the 

 lamina, small fls. with free stamens, rough frs. with 

 sour and acrid pulp composed of very short pulp- 

 vesicles, containing oil in the center. Citrus (Papeda) 

 Hystrix, DC., probably includes Papeda Rumphii, 

 Hassk. The forms of this subgenus are sometimes used 

 in the Philippines as stocks on which to graft the com- 

 monly cult, species of Citrus. The frs. are not edible 

 but are used by the natives of the Malayan and Poly- 

 nesian islands in lieu of soap for washing the hair. 



WALTER T. SWINGLE. 



PAPER PLANT: Cyperus Papyrus and Papyrus antiguorum. 



PAPHINIA (Paphos, city of Cyprus, sacred to Venus). 

 Orchidacex. A rare and pretty genus of orchids, having 

 the habit of small lycastes. 



Flowers curiously shaped, borne on pendent scapes 

 which are mostly 2-fld. ; sepals and petals similar, spread- 

 ing; mentum obsolete, labellum uppermost in the fl. 

 They may be easily grown with lycastes, and should be 

 planted in fibrous peat and moss. During the growing 

 period they require a liberal supply of water. 



cristata, Lindl. (Lycdste crist&ta, Nichols.). Pseudo- 

 bulbs ovate, 1-3-lvd.: Ivs. lanceolate, 4-6 in. long: 

 scapes pendent, 1-2-fld.; sepals and petals lanceolate, 

 acuminate, spreading, the latter a little smaller; all 

 streaked above and transversely banded below with 

 deep crimson or chocolate-brown markings on a whitish 

 ground; labellum much smaller, chocolate-purple; the 

 2 lateral lobes oblong, pointed, half spreading, separated 

 from the middle lobe by a deep constriction; middle 

 lobe triangular-rhomboid, with an erect crest and 

 clavate glands on the disk, and bordered in front by a 

 fringe of clavate hairs. June-Aug. Trinidad. B.M. 

 4836. B.R. 1811 (as Maxillaria cristata). Gn. 78, p. 33. 



ruedsa, Reichb. f. Pseudobulbs small, rounded: Ivs. 

 small, linear, acuminate: fls. waxy, creamy white, cov- 

 ered with red spots, which run together in blotches. 

 Colombia. 



grandifldra, Rodrig. (P. grdndis, Reichb. f.). Fls. 

 chocolate-brown, striated on the lower half of the sepals 

 and petals with greenish yellow and cream-color, mar- 



gins cream; labellum dark purple at the base, with an 

 oblong, cream-colored middle lobe, and a pair of small 

 lobes on each side. Brazil. G.C. III. 14:561. A curi- 

 ious orchid. 



P. Lawencidna=Lycaste Lawrenciana(?). 



HEINRICH HASSELBRING. 



PAPHIOPEDILUM (from Paphos, Paphinia see, 

 and Latin for sandal). Orchiddcese. Terrestrial or epi- 

 phytic orchids grown in a warm greenhouse; comprises 

 the glasshouse cypripediums. 



Rhizome somewhat creeping: Ivs. coriaceous, keeled 

 below, sulcate above, conduplicate in vernation, green 

 or tesselated: fls. showy; sepals 3, the dorsal erect, 

 showy, the lateral united; petals spreading or pendu- 

 lous; hp saccate, the margin of the orifice not inflexed; 

 column short; ovary 1-celled, with parietal placentae. ; 

 About 50 species in Trop. Asia, Malay Archipelago, 

 Philippines. Differ from Cypripedium chiefly in having 

 the Ivs. conduplicate in the bud instead of convolute 

 and in having a deciduous perigonium instead of wither- 

 ing and persistent. Cf. Pfitzer, Pflanzenreich, hft. 12. 



Cultivation of paphiopedilums. (Alfred J. Loveless.) 



Paphiopedilums generally are of easy culture, and 

 may be grown in one house by devoting the cool end 

 to P. insigne and its hybrids, and the selenipedium 

 group. The plants should never be allowed to become 

 dry, as they are making active growth most of the time. 

 Light spraying should be frequent in bright weather, 

 and an application of very weak liquid manure occa- 

 sionally will be found of great assistance in keeping the 

 plants healthy. Ventilation regulated according to 

 external conditions is essential at all times to maintain 

 atmospheric action. 



During the winter months the thermometer should 

 register from 55 to 60 F. by night, and about 65 F. 

 by day, with sun heat a few degrees higher doing no 

 harm. On the approach of spring the temperature 

 should be slightly advanced to prepare the plants for 

 summer heat, and accordingly decreased on the 

 approach of fall. A light shading will be necessary at 

 all times, to prevent excessive heat and sunburn, with 

 heavier shading toward midsummer by the addition 

 of bamboo shades, these to be removed in autumn, and 

 dispensed with during the winter. 



The greater part of the species grow best in pots, in a 

 compost composed of two parts peat-fiber, one part 

 turfy loam, one part chopped living sphagnum, one- 

 third of the pot room being devoted to clean drainage. 

 The compost should be pressed in rather firmly around 

 the roots, finishing off about Yi inch below the rim of the 

 pot. A sharp lookout should be kept for thrip, and clean 

 pots, with frequent sponging of the foliage, is essential 

 to the good health of the plants. P. insigne and kindred 

 species should have one part chopped sod added to the 

 above mixture (see note on culture in Veitch's "Orchid 

 Manual" 2:34). P. villosum and P. Exul sometimes 

 suffer under pot culture from fungi, which attack the 

 base of the plant in sultry summer weather. Basket 

 culture will obviate this, as it allows a better circula- 

 tion of air through the compost. P. Lowei, P. Parishii, 

 P. philippinense and allied species, together with Seleni- 

 pedium caudatum, are truly epiphytic and preferably 

 should be grown in baskets. By this method the roots 

 are better preserved and less liable to decay during 

 the winter season. 



The concolor section requires a warm moist location 

 with free access to the air. The species should be grown 

 in rather small pots, with at least half the space devoted 

 to drainage of broken charcoal or other free material. 

 The potting compost should consist of equal parts 

 chopped sod, peat-fiber and living sphagnum. Lime- 

 stone is often recommended as essential in the culture 

 of this section, but, the conditions being equal, it gives 

 no beneficial results (Orchid Review 4:45; Veitch's 

 Manual 2: 19, 20). 



