2478 



PARTHENOCISSUS 



PARTHENOCISSUS 



Deciduous or rarely evergreen shrubs climbing by 

 means of tendrils with adhesive tips, rarely these tips 

 not developed: bark with lenticels; pith white: Ivs. 

 alternate, digitate or 3-lobed, long-petioled : fls. in 

 peduncled compound cymes opposite to the Ivs., often 

 crowded at the end of the branches and forming pani- 

 cles, perfect, rarely polygamous; calyx minute, petals 

 5, rarely 4, spreading; stamens 5 or 4; style short and 

 thick; a distinct disk wanting; ovary 2-celled, each 

 cell with 2 ovules: fr. a 1-4-seeded berry. About 10 

 species in N. Amer., Mex., E. Asia, and Himalayas. 

 Formerly usually classed with Ampelopsis, which see for 

 the differentiating characters between the allied genera. 



These are high-climbing vines with handsome three- 

 to seyen-foliolate or three-lpbed leaves assuming beauti- 

 ful tints in autumn and with small greenish flowers in 

 cymes or panicles followed by bluish black or black 

 berries. They are particularly valuable as they cling 

 firmly to walls and trees by means of adhesive tips of 

 the tendrils without any other support. P. quinquefolia, 

 P. vitacea, and P. tricuspidata are hardy North, while 

 the other species are more or less tender; P. Henryana 

 may be grown in the greenhouse for its beautiful foliage. 

 In humid and good soil all species grow vigorously and 

 soon cover large spaces. Propagation is by seeds or by 

 hardwood cuttings or by layers, but P. tricuspidata and 

 its varieties are usually grown from greenwood cuttings. 



A. Lvs. 5-foliolate. 

 B. Young branchlets terete: Ivs. green. 



vitacea, Hitch. (P. quinquefolia, Graebn. Ampeldpsis 

 quinquefolia var. vitacea, Knerr. A. dumetdrum, Hort. 

 P. dumetdrum, Rehd. P. laciniata, Small). Usually low 

 and rambling over bushes, occasionally climbing high 

 into trees, glabrous: tendrils with 3-5 twining branches 

 only exceptionally ending in adhesive disks: the young 

 growth green : If ts. oval or elliptic to oblong, acuminate, 

 usually cuneate at the base, dark green and lustrous 

 above, lighter green and usually lustrous below, coarsely 

 serrate, glabrous, 2-5 in. long: cymes dichotomous on 

 peduncles l%-3 in. long, opposite the Ivs.: fr. bluish 

 black, about J^in. thick, usually slightly bloomy, with 

 3-4 seeds. June, July; fr. July, Aug. E. Canada and 



2766. Parthenocissus quinquefolia. Virginia creeper. ( X K) 



New England to Assiniboia and from Mich, south to 

 Texas and Colo. B.M. 2443. S.T.S. 1:89. Var. lacin- 

 iata, Rehd. (P. quinquefolia var. laciniata, Planch.). 

 Lfts. smaller, narrower, more deeply and incisely ser- 

 rate, usually yellowish green. Wyo. to New Mex. Var. 

 macrophylla, Rehd. (Ampeldpsis macrophylla, Hort. A. 

 quinquefdlia var. latifdlia, Dipp. A. Rdylei, Hort.). 

 Lfts. elliptic, large, dark green, sometimes 8 in. long 

 and 5 in. broad. Garden form. Var. dubia, Rehd. 

 (P. hirsuta, Graebn.). Young branchlets and Ivs., at 

 least on the veins beneath, more or less hairy. This 

 species is somewhat hardier than the following, but 

 does not cling to walls; it may be used for covering 



trellis-work. The foliage is darker green and more 

 lustrous. 



quinquefdlia. Planch. (Vitis quinquefolia, Lam. 

 Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. A. hederdcca, DC. A. 

 virginidna,Kort.). VIRGINIA CREEPER. Fig. 2766. High- 

 climbing: tendrils with 5-8 branches ending in adhesive 

 tips : the young growth purplish : If ts. elliptic to obovate- 

 oblong, acuminate, usually cuneate at the base, coarsely 

 and often crenately serrate, dull green above, glaucescent 

 beneath: cymes crowded into terminal panicles: fr. 

 bluish black, slightly bloomy, about J^in. thick, with 

 usually 2 or 3 seeds. July, Aug.: fr. in Sept., Oct. New 

 England south to Fla. and Mex., west to Ohio, 111., and 

 Mo. Em. 2:535. S.T.S. 1:88. Var. murorum, Rehd. 

 (P. quinquefdlia var. latifdlia, Rehd. P. radicantissima, 

 Graebn. Ampeldpsis murdlis, Hort. A. radicantissima, 

 Schelle). Tendrils with shorter and more numerous, 

 usually 8-12 branches: Ifts. generally broader, the outer 

 ones usually broadly ovate and rounded at the base. This 

 is a more southern form and somewhat tenderer. Var. 

 minor, Rehd., is similar to the preceding variety, but Ifts. 

 smaller and broader, oval to orbicular-ovate, rounded at 

 the base, on slender stalks about J^in. long. Var. hirsuta, 

 Planch. (P. hirsuta, Small. Ampelopsis hirsuta, Don. 

 A. Graebneri, Bolle. A. pubescens, Schlecht. A. quin- 

 quefdlia var. radicantissima, Rehd. A. radicantissima, 

 Hort.). Young branchlets, infl. and the Ivs. soft-pubes- 

 cent, at least beneath, usually bright red while young, 

 otherwise like the type. Gt. 48:1462. Var. Saint-Paillii, 

 Rehd. (P. Saint^Paulii, Graebn. Ampeldpsis Saint- 

 Paillii, Hort. ) . Young branchlets and Ivs. beneath pubes- 

 cent: Ifts. oblong-obovate, cuneate at the base, short- 

 stalked or nearly sessile, sharply serrate with usually 

 spreading teeth: panicles elongated: tendrils with 8-12 

 branches: aerial rootlets often present. Iowa and 111. to 

 Mo. and Texas. R.H. 1907, p. 567. Var. Engelmannii, 

 Rehd. (P. Sngelmannii, Graebn. Ampeldpsis Sngel- 

 mannii, Hort.), does not differ much from the typical 

 form except in its generally smaller foliage. The species 

 is a very valuable climber of vigorous growth with 

 the foliage changing to bright scarlet in fall; the vari- 

 eties hirsuta, Saint-Paulii, and murorum, are particu- 

 larly adapted for covering walls; they cling firmly and 

 form a dense, close covering like P. tricuspidata, but 

 grow more quickly and more straight upward than 

 that species. 



BB. Young branchlets quadrangular: Ivs. usually with 

 white markings above and purplish below. 



Henryana, Diels & Gilg (Vltis Henryana, Hemsl. 

 Ampeldpsis Henryana, Hort.). Climbing to 20 ft. or 

 more : tendrils with 5-7 slender branches with adhesive 

 tips.: Ifts. 5, stalked, elliptic-ovate to cuneate-obovate, 

 acuminate, toothed usually only above the middle, 

 glabrous or hairy on the midrib beneath, 1H-2J^ in. 

 long, bright scarlet when unfolding, changing finally to 

 dull reddish green, with silvery markings along the 

 veins above, purple or purplish beneath: fls. in narrow 

 panicles, 3-6 in. long: fr. dark blue, usually 3-seeded. 

 Cent. China. G.C.III. 37:309; 39:354. Gn. 69, p. 341. 

 M.D.G. 1908:259. R.H. 1907, p. 211. R.H.B. 32:213. 

 This is a very handsome but tender species; the 

 coloring of the Ivs. is more beautiful when grown in the 

 greenhouse or outdoors in a partly shaded place; in 

 the full sun the Ivs. lose finally the white markings and 

 the purple color. 



AA. Lvs. partly 3-lobed and partly S-foliolate. 



tricuspidata, Planch. (Vltis incdnstans, Miq. Ampe- 

 ldpsis tricuspidata, Sieb. & Zucc. A. Veltchii var. robusta, 

 Hort. A. Hdggii, Hort. A. incdnstans, Hort. A. 

 japdnica, Hort.). JAPANESE IVY. BOSTON IVY. Fig. 

 2767. High-climbing: tendrils short, much-branched, 

 with adhesive tips: Ivs. slender-stalked, cordate, either 

 simple and 3-lobed with acuminate serrate lobes, to 

 10 in. long, or 3-foliolate; Ifts. ovate, sessile, serrate,. 



