PHYLLANTHUS 



PHYMATODES 



2607 



Amer. P. isolepis. Urban, similar to P. speciosus, but the flat 

 branches tend to be rhomboid P. iincons, Swartz, related to P. 

 ang^tifolius. W. Indies.-P. mucronatus HBK.=P acummatus. 

 P. A'lrftri, Linn. A tropical weed with lys. hke P. Embhc^ P. 

 sahixfolius, HBK., related to P. pulcher. S. Amer R.H. 1883, p. 

 176. P. Seemannianus, Muell. Arg. Fiji Isb. P. turbinaius Suns 

 =Breynia turbinata.-P. zeyldnicu*, Muell. Arg.=Glochidion 

 zevlanicum, A. Juss, which is a small tree of Malaya, with coria- 

 ceous elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate Ivs., and depressed caps. 

 often nearly 1 in. long. J g, g. NORTON. 



PHYLLAUREA: Codixum. 



PHYLLITIS (Greek, a leaf, from the simple foliage). 

 Polypodiacese. A group of ferns, including several or 

 only the following species, according to different fern 

 students. Lvs. simple, strap-shaped, with the sori 

 almost at right angles to the midrib, grouped in pairs 

 on contiguous veins, the indusia facing together. 



Scolopendrium, Newman (Scolopendrium vulgare, 

 Smith. -S. officinarum, Hort.). HART'S TONGTJE. Lvs. 

 10-15 in. long, cordate at base or sometimes long-eared, 

 1-2 in. wide, herbaceous, in tufts sometimes of 50 or 

 more Ivs. Probably the rarest wild fern in Amer., grow- 

 ing only in three localities hi Tenn. and N. Y., and near 

 Owen Sound, Ont. Its usual habitat in Cent. N. Y. is 

 on steep rubble limestone slopes, where it roots among 

 loose stones, usually hidden by jewel-weed. In Eng- 

 land it is a common wall fern, and has given rise to 

 more than a hundred varieties, some of the commonest 

 of which are listed below. One or two American dealers 

 offer the species for sale. The differences between the 

 numerous English forms depend mainly on differences 

 in the crispiness and forking of the Ivs. and on combina- 

 tions of these two features. The following varieties are 

 offered commonly in England under Scolopendrium vid- 

 gare: vars. Drummondae superba, crispum, crispum 

 multifidum, crispum muricato-fimbriatum, ramo-crista- 

 tum, Daedalea, sagitto-grandiceps, Hort. 



R. C. BENEDICT. 



PHYLLOCACTUS: Epiphyllum. 



PHYLLOCLADUS (Greek, leaf branch, referring to 

 the phyllodia which are characteristic). Taxdceae. 

 Trees or shrubs: branches often whorled; branchlets 

 flattened and expanded into rigid and coriaceous 

 toothed or lobed If .-like cladodia: true Ivs. reduced to 

 linear scales: fls. monoecious or dioecious, the male fls. 

 fascicled at the tips of the branchlets, the female fls. 

 sessile on the margins of the cladodia or on peduncle- 

 like divisions of the same: ovuliferous scales 1 or 

 several, thick and fleshy, free. Six species, Malaya to 

 the Philippines and New Zeal. P. rhomboiddlis, L. C. 

 Rich. (P. osplenifplius, Hook. f.). Tree up to 60 ft., or 

 shrub on mountain tops: persistent branches more or 

 less reticulate, cladodia or deciduous If.-like branchlets 

 cuneate or rhomboidal: Ivs. very small, subulate: male 

 catkins 2 or 3 together; female catkins globular, with 

 1, 2, or 3 fertile scales surmounted by 1 or 2 barren 

 ones. Austral. Occasionally seen in Calif, gardens and 

 eastern conservatories. The following species have also 

 been cult.: P. glaucus, Carr., New Zeal., P. hypophytta, 

 Hook, f., Borneo, and P. trichomanmdes, D. Don., 

 New Zeal. 



PHYLLODOCE (after Phyllodoce, a sea-nymph men- 

 tioned by Vergil). Ericacese. MOUNTAIN HEATH. Orna- 

 mental low shrubs grown for their handsome flowers. 



Evergreen prostrate and ascending shrubs: Ivs. 

 alternate, crowded, linear: fls. in terminal umbels, or 

 axillary, nodding on slender pedicels; calyx 5-parted, 

 small; corolla urceolate or campanulate, 5-lobed; 

 stamens 10: fr. a many-seeded caps., dehiscent into 5 

 valves. Six species in arctic regions of N. Eu. and N. 

 Asia, in N. Amer. hi the Rocky Mts. south to Calif. 

 Often united with Bryanthus, which is easily distin- 

 guished by its 4-cleft rotate corolla. 



The mountain heaths are heath-like, with small 



leaves and handsome delicate flowers often appearing 

 hi great profusion. They are perfectly hardy, but do 

 not thrive under ordinary conditions; they are best 

 grown hi a rockery in peaty and moist soil shaded from 

 the mid-day sun and they like cool and moist air. The 

 hybrid P. erecta is more vigorous and less particular; it 

 is therefore better known in cultivation than the true 

 species. Propagation is by seeds in spring in peaty soil 

 or cut sphagnum and kept moist and shady, also by 

 cuttings hi August under glass or by layers. 



A. Corolla urceolate (urn-shaped). 



caerulea, Babington (Menziesia cserulea, Swartz. 

 Brydnthus taxifdlius, Gray. B. cseruleus, Dipp.). To 

 6 in. high: Ivs. slightly glandular while young, later 

 glabrous, K~M m - long: fls. 2-6; calyx pubescent; 

 corolla oblong-urceolate, M m - l n g> glabrous, purple, 

 turning bluish in drying. June-Aug. N. Asia, N. Eu. 

 and boreal N. Amer. L.B.C.2:164. S.B.F. (ed. 3) 

 6:886. G.W. 17, p. 261. 



AA. Corolla campanulate (bett-shaped) . 



empetrif6rmis, Don (Brydnthus empetriformis, Gray. 

 Menziesia empetriformis, Smith). Five to 8 in.: Ivs. 

 glabrous, J^-^in. long: fls. 6 or more; pedicels slender, 

 glandular; calyx glabrous; corolla campanulate, rosy 

 purple, about J^in. long. May-July. Brit. Col. to 

 Calif. B.M.3176. C.L.A.21,No. 11:41. Var. amabilis, 

 Rehd. (P. amabilis, Stapf). Fls. smaller, broadly cam- 

 panulate, whitish or pinkish; anthers short. B.M. 8405. 

 Var. alba, Hort. Fls. white. Var. polifdlia, Hort. Taller: 

 fls. purple. 



erecta, Drude (Brydnthus erectus, Lindl. Phytto- 

 thdmnus erectus, Schneid.). Hybrid between the pre- 

 ceding species and Rhodothamnus Chamaecistus. Six 

 to 10 hi.: Ivs. slightly serrate, glabrous, >#n. long: fls. 

 2-10, corolla rotate-campanulate, rosy pink, Kin. 

 across. F.S. 7:659. J.F. 1:58. Originated about 1845 

 hi the nursery of Cunningham & Fraser, at Comely 

 Bank, Edinburgh. 



P. Breweri, Heller (Bryanthus Breweri, Gray). Allied to P. 

 empetriformis. Corolla larger, divided to the middle; stamens 

 exserted; fls. axillary, forming terminal spikes. Calif. B.M. 8146. 

 P. glanduliflbrus, Howell (Bryanthus glanduliflorus, Gray). 

 Allied to P. coerulea. Lvs. glandular: fls. ovate-urceolate, sulfur- 

 yellow, pubescent outside. Ore. to Alaska and Sitka. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



PHYLL6STACHYS: Bamboo. 

 PHYLLOT/JSNIUM: Xanthosoma. 



PHYMATODES (Greek, a close network). Polypo- 

 diacese. A group of stove ferns allied to Polypodium and 

 sometimes united with that genus, but differing hi the 

 fine copious irregular areoles formed by the anastomos- 

 ing veinlets and the free included veinlets spreading hi 

 every direction. For culture, see Fern. 



A. Lvs. simple. 



Swartzii, TJnderw. (Polypodium Swdrtzii, Baker). 

 Lvs. 2-4 in. long, %-\ in. wide, narrowed gradually 

 toward both ends: son hi a single row each side of the 

 midrib. Fla. Keys and Trop. Amer. 



musaeffilium, Blume. Lvs. 1-3 ft. long, 3-4 in. wide, 

 with an acute point, the lower part winged to the base; 

 main veinlets very distinct, forming rectangular 

 meshes, with numerous small sori almost covering the 

 whole surface. E. Indies. Known also as Drynaria 

 and Polypodium mussefolium. 



AA. Lt>s. deeply pinnatifid. 



nigrescens, Blume (Polypodium nigrescens, Blume). 

 Lvs. 2-3 ft. long, 1 ft. or more broad, cut nearly to the 

 rachis into numerous entire lobes 1-2 in. wide; surfaces 

 naked, dark green; sori in a single row nearer the mid- 

 rib than the edge, sunk hi deep cavities which are promi- 

 nent as wart-like projections on the upper side. India 

 to Polynesia. 



