PICEA 



PICEA 



2619 



with horizontally spreading branches. Var. procum- 

 bens, Carr. A "prostrate form with numerous short 

 branchlets and dense short and pointed Ivs. Var. 

 dumdsa, Carr. Similar to the preceding, but less densely 

 branched and Ivs. more distant. Var. repens, Simon- 

 Louis. A creeping form. 



Low, irregularly branched monstrous forms: Var. Bir- 

 ryi, Beissn. With vigorous thick branches and few 

 short branchlets, dark green. Var. Ellwangeriana, 

 Beissn. A broad growing form with crowded slender 

 branchlets and small and thin, acute Ivs. Var. capitate, 

 Carr. Dwarf bushy form, with numerous short branch- 

 lets in dense heads at the end of the branches. R.H. 

 p. 393. Var. Maxwellii, Beissn. Alow flat dense 

 form, the young branches brown, often with short fas- 

 cicled branchlets: Ivs. bright green, rigid, pointed. 



Variegated forms: Var. finedonensis, Beissn. (Abies 

 excelsa finedonensis, Gord.). Lvs. pale yellow at first, 

 becoming bronzy brown and finally green. Var. argen- 

 teo-spicata, Hesse. Young shoots whitish. Var. aurea, 

 Carr. Lvs. golden yellow on the exposed side; does best 

 in a partly shaded situation. Var. mutabilis, Carr. Young 

 shoots yellow, changing soon to green. G.W. 3, p. 556. 



The 'most important of the geographical forms are: Var. 

 fennica, Rupr. Similar to P. obovaia: cones not more 

 than 3 in. long. N. Eu. and X. Asia. Var. medioxima, 

 X yland. Small tree or sometimes shrubby: Ivs. thick- 

 ish. shorter, lustrous, green: cones to 3 in. long. Resem- 

 bles somewhat P. orientalis. N. Eu. Var. alpestris, 

 Brugg. Slow-growing compact tree: young branchlets 

 velutinous: Ivs. shorter, usually obtusish, dull yellow- 

 ish or grayish green: cones 3-5 in. long. Resembles 

 in habit and foliage somewhat P. canadensis. In the 

 Alps at high altitudes. There are two forms of the 

 common Xorway spruce differing in the color of the 

 young cones: Var. chlorocarpa, Purk. Young cones 

 green: Ivs. obtusish, more appressed; leafing later. Var. 

 erythrocarpa, Purk. Young cones viole1>purple: Ivs. 

 more spreading, pointed; leafing earlier. 



6. obovata, Ledeb. (P. excelsa var. obovata, Koch). 

 Tree, to 100 ft., similar in habit to the following, with 

 somewhat pendulous branchlets: young branches 

 brown, glabrous or slightly pubescent: Ivs. quadrangu- 

 lar, acute, dull or bluish green, %-% in- long: pistillate 

 fls. purple: cone oblong-ovate, light brown, about 23^ in. 

 long; scales with entire margin. X. Eu. to Kamchatka 

 and Manchuria. Gn. 20, p. 91. R.H. 1894, p. 274. Mn. 

 5. p. 189. Of slower growth than P. excelsa and more 

 graceful. 



7. orientalis, Carr. Tree, to 120 ft., with ascending 

 and spreading branches and somewhat pendulous 

 branchlets: young branches brown, pubescent: Ivs, 

 thick, obtuse, dark green and shining, crowded and 

 more or less appressed to the branches: fls. carmine: 

 cone cylindric-ovate, 2)^-33^ in. long, less than 1 in. 

 thick; scales orbicular, entire at the margin. W. Asia, 

 Caucasus. G.C. II. 21:308; 25:333; III. 3:754. A.G. 

 19:649. Mn. 5, p. 189. V. 20:185. C.L.A. 11:311. 

 Gn.M. 2 :25. G.W. 16, p. 261. A very graceful spruce 

 with dark, glossy foliage; of slow growth and there- 

 fore valuable for smaller gardens. It holds its lower limbs 

 for many years. Var. nana, Carr. Low form of broadly 

 pyramid'al habit, with wide-spreading branches. Var. 

 aureo-spicata, Beissn. Young shoots yellow. Var.ntltans, 

 Xiemetz. With graceful hanging branches. Var. semi- 

 virgata, Schwerin. Branches with few lateral branch- 

 lets, which gives the plant a loose slender appearance. 



8. rftbra, Link, not A. Dietr. (P. australis, Small. 

 P. riibens, Sarg.). RED SPRUCE. Tree, to 80 ft., or occa- 

 sionally to 100 ft., with short and slender branches 

 forming a narrow pyramidal head, with red-brown 

 bark : young branches reddish brown : Ivs. quadrangular, 

 acute or mucronate, dark or bright green, shining, about 

 3-i in. long: fls. purple: cones oblong, i%-2 in. long, 

 green while young, later light reddish brown, glossy; 



scales obovate, rounded and entire or slightly erose at 

 the margin. From Canada to N. C., along the Alle- 

 ghany Mts. S.S. 12:597. Handsome tree, but requires 

 cool and moist situation and is less drought-enduring 

 than most others. Var. virgata, Rehd., is a sparingly 

 branched form with long and slender branches destitute 

 of branchlets, very similar to P. excelsa var. virgata. 

 G.F.8:45. 



9. marina, BSP. (P. nigra, Link. P. brevifblia, 

 Peck). The native BLACK SPRUCE. Figs. 2942, 2943. 

 Tree, usually to 20-30 ft. or occasionally to 100 ft,, with 

 slender, often pendulous branches forming a narrow, 



2943. Cones of piceas. Largest one, P. pungens; lowest one, 

 P. canadensis; upper right hand, P. mariana. ( X ^2) 



irregular head: bark gray-brown: young branches 

 brown or yellowish brown: Ivs. quadrangular, obtusish, 

 dull dark or bluish green, bloomy especially on the 

 upper side, J^~5i m - long: fls. purple: cones oval- 

 oblong, globose-ovate when open, dark purple while 

 young, later dull grayish brown, J^-l]^ m - long; 

 scales rounded and finely denticulate at the margin. 

 From Canada to Va., Minn, and Brit, Col. S.S. 12:596. 

 Very variable in habit; cone-bearing trees often only 

 a few feet high when growing in swamps. The most 

 ornamental garden form is var. Doumetii, Schneid. 

 (P. nigra Doumetii, Carr.), with ascending crowded 

 branches forming a dense conical pyramid. A similar 

 form, somewhat broader at the base with more light 

 bluish green foliage, is var. Beissneriana, Rehd. (P. 

 nigra mariana, Beissn.). G.C. HI. 11:80. Var. fasti- 

 giata, Rehd. (P. nigra fastigiata, Carr. Abie* nigra 

 pumila, Knight). A columnar form with ascending 

 branches and short, acute Ivs. Var. nana, Rehd. (P. 

 nigra nana, Beissn.). A dwarf subglobose form with 

 light bluish green Ivs. Gt. 50, p. 193. 



10. canadensis, BSP. (P. alba, Link. P. Idxa, Sarg.). 

 The native WHITE SPRUCE. Figs. 2943, 2944. Tree, 

 usually 60-70 ft., with ascendent branches and usually 

 pendent branchlets: bark light brownish gray: Ivs. 

 slightly curved, acute or acutish, more or less bluish 

 green, }$-%in. long, of a strong, aromatic odor when 

 bruised: fls. pale red or yellowish: cones cylindric- 

 oblong, light brown and glossy, 13^-2 in. long; scales 

 orbicular, with usually entire margin, thin and flexible. 

 From Labrador to Alaska, south to Mont., Mum., and 

 N. Y. S.S. 12:598. G.F. 8:223 (adapted in Fig. 2944); 

 9:355. F.S. 21:2251. C.L.A. 11:311. F.E. 29:81. Gn. 

 M. 4:19. M.D.G. 1899:80. A decorative species of 

 dense habit when young and with rather light bluish 

 green foliage; it endures heat and drought much better 

 than the two preceding species. The most important 

 garden form is var. caerulea, Schneid. (P. alba cxrulea, 

 Carr. P. alba argentea and var. glauca, Hort. Abies 

 rubra violacea, Loud.). Of dense habit with light bluish 

 green or almost silvery white Ivs. Var. pendula, Schneid. 

 (P. alba pendula, Beissn.). With pendulous branches. 

 An important geographical variety is var. albertiana, 

 Rehd. (P. albertiana, S. Br. P. alba albertiana, Beissn.). 

 Tree, to 100 or occasionally 150 ft,, of narrow pyramidal 

 habit: branchlets sometimes minutely pubescent; Ivs. 

 more crowded: If .-cushions longer: cones shorter with 

 more rigid rounded scales. Alberta. M.D.G. 1905:117 

 (as P. alba). 



