PICEA 



PIERIS 



2621 



brown, with entire not wavy scales. Cent. Japan. 

 M.D. 1914:257. Var. reflexa, Shirasawa. Branchlets 

 pubescent, light brown: Ivs. more or less curved, acute, 

 bluish white above, about 3^in. long: cones light reddish 

 brown; scales nearly entire, not wavy, at the apex 

 slightly attenuate and recurved. Cent. Japan. M.D. 

 1914:257. 



17. Omorika, Bolle (Plnus Omdrika, Pancic). Tree, 

 to 100 ft. or higher, with rather short spreading and 

 ascending branches forming a narrow pyramidal head: 

 young branches brown, pubescent: Ivs. compressed, 

 ridged on both sides, obtuse and mucronulate, dark 

 green and shining below, with whitish lines above, 

 H-%m. long: fls. purple: cones ovate-oblong, cinna- 

 mon-brown, glossy, 1^2-2% in. long; scales almost 

 orbicular, with finely denticulate margin. S. E. Eu. 

 G.C. 11.21:308; 111.21:153. Gt. 47, p. 177. R.H. 

 1905, p. 239. Handsome tree of rather slow growth, 

 forming a dense and narrow pyramid when young; 

 very hardy. 



18. Breweriana, Wats. Tree, 80-120 ft. high, with 

 the branches at the top slightly ascending, the lower 

 ones horizontal or pendulous, with whip-like pendulous 

 branchlets often 7 or 8 ft. long, furnished with similar, 

 slender lateral branchlets; young branches reddish 

 brown, pubescent: Ivs. straight or slightly curved, 

 obtuse, rounded and dark green at the lower surface, 

 almost flat and with white lines above, %-l in. long: 

 staminate fls. purple: cones oblong, 2^-5 in. Jong, light 

 orange-brown; scales obovate, with entire margin. Sis- 

 kiyou Mts. in Ore. and N. Calif. S.S. 12:601. G.F. 

 3:66, 67; 5:595. G.C. II. 25:497. M.D.G. 1905:123. 

 One of the most distinct spruces, but does not seem to 

 do well in the eastern states. 



The Roman figure indicates the section to which the species 

 belongs: P. ascendens, Patschke. (Section III.) Tree, to 80 ft.: 

 branchlets pale brown, glabrous: Ivs. about Jim. long, compressed, 

 with 2 white lines above: cones 3-4 in. long, with obovate truncate 

 scales. W.China. P. auraniiaca, Mast. (I.) Allied to P. asperata. 

 Tree, to 40 ft., with pale gray bark: branchlets orange, glabrous: 

 Ivs. quandrangular, about }-in. long: cones 4-5 in. long, brown, 

 with broad, rounded, slightly erose scales. W. China. P. Bal- 

 fouriana, Rehd. & Wilson. (II.) Allied to P. purpurea. Tree, to 

 120 ft.: branchlets villous, yellowish: Ivs. H-Hin- long, compressed, 

 whitish above, acute or obtusish: cones purplish, 2-3 Yi in. long, 

 with rhombic denticulate scales. W. China. P. brachytyla, Pritz. 

 (P. pachyclada, Patschke). (III.) Tree, to 70 ft.: branchlets 

 brown, nearly glabrous: Ivs. Hin. long, compressed, white above: 

 cones 3-4 in. long, with obovate scales entire at the margin. W. 

 China. P. complanata, Mast. (III.) Tree, to 80 ft., with gray 

 bark: branchlets orange-brown, pubescent or sometimes glabrous: 

 Ivs. flattened, acute, white above, %in. long: cones reddish brown, 

 5-6 in. long, with broad rounded or truncate scales. W. China. 

 G.C. III. 39:147. P. Glehnii, Mast. (III.) Tree, to 150 ft.: 

 branchlets brown, pubescent : Ivs. J-in. long, obtusely quadrangular, 

 whitish above, green beneath: cones brown, violet -purple while 

 young, 1 J^-2 in. long, with broad rounded erose scales. AmurL, 

 Saghalin, X. Japan. G.C. II. 13:301. S.I.F. 2:3. P. heterdlepis, 

 Rehd. & Wilson. (I.) Allied to P. asperata. Tree, to 80 ft.: 

 branchlets brownish, glabrous: Ivs. quadrangular, thick, pungent, 

 J^-Jiin. long: cones 3V6~5V in. long, pale brown, with rigid 

 rhombic-obovate scales, emarginate or bifid at the apex. W. China. 

 P. Koyamai, Shirasawa. (III.) Allied to P. Glehnii. Tree, to 30 

 ft.: branchlets bright reddish brown, glabrous: Ivs. quadrangular, 

 Ji~J^in. long, acutish, bluish white above: cones light brownish 

 green, I 1 2-2^ in. long; scales broadly obovate, rounded, entire. 

 Cent. Japan. M.D. 1914:257. P. lihiangensis, Pritz. (II.) 

 Tree, to 80 ft.: branchlets light yellow-gray, sparingly hairy: Ivs. 

 quadrangular, slightly compressed, Hin. long, white above: cone 

 about 2 in. long with rhombic-ovate, erose, flexible scales. W. 

 China. P. Mdstersii, Mayr=P. Wilsonii. P. Marimowlczii, 

 Regel (P. Tschonoskii, Mayr. P. excelsa var. obovata japonica, 

 Beissn.). (I.) Allied to P. obovata. Small bushy tree: branchlets 

 reddish brown, glabrous: Ivs. rigid, pointed, spreading, about ^$in. 

 long: cones 1 J^-2 in. long, lustrous brown, with broad rounded 

 scales. Japan. P. Meyeri, Rehd. & Wilson. (I.) Allied to P. 

 asperata. Medium-sized tree: branchlets cinnamon-brown, hairy: 

 Ivs. quadrangular, slightly compressed, curved, obtusish, ^i-^aa. 

 long: cones 2-2 !/ in. long, lustrous brown, with rounded or trun- 

 cate scales. N. China. P. montigena. Mast. (II.) Tree, to 100 ft.: 

 branchlets pale brown, hairy: Ivs. quadrangular, j^in. long, curved, 

 acutish: cones brown, 3-4 in. long, with rhombic-ovate, flexible, 

 erose scales. W. China. G.C. III. 39: 146 (except the cone). P. 

 marindoides, Rehd.= P. spinulosa. P. Mdseri, Mast. (P. jezoensis 

 xP. mariana Doumetii). Branchlets smooth, olive: Ivs. quadrangu- 

 lar, acute, J^-%in. long, glaucous above, green below. Garden ori- 

 gin. J.H.S. 26: 105. P. pachyclada, Patschke=P. brachytyla. P. 

 retroflexa. Mast. (I.) Tree, to 120 ft.: branchlets glabrous, rarely 

 slightly hairy, bright yellow, rarely brownish orange: Ivs. quad- 



rangular, pungent, \^-\ in- long: cone lustrous brown, 3-4 ^ in. 

 long, with obovate, rounded, stiff scales. W. China. P. Sargen- 

 tiana, Rehd. & Wilson. (III.) Tree, to 70 ft.: branchlets yellow or 

 orange, glandular: Ivs. compressed, acutish or obtuse, about Hin. 

 long, white above, lustrous green beneath: cones 2}^-5 in. long, 

 brown, with obovate, rounded or truncate scales. W. China. P. 

 spinuldsa, Griff. (P. morindoides, Rehd.). (III.) Tree, with spread- 

 ing branches and slender pendulous branchlets: Ivs. 1-1 % in. 

 long, pungent, slightly compressed, glaucous above: cone 34 in. 

 long, yellowish brown, with rhombic obovate scales minutely 

 denticulate. E. Himalayas. B.M. 8169. G.C. III. 39:218, 274. 

 R.H. 1908, p. 517. G.M. 51:47. S.T.S. 1:48. Tender. P. Tscho- 

 noskii, Mayr=P. Maximowiczii. P. Watsoniana, Mast. (I.) 

 Tree, to 40 ft.: branchlets glabrous: Ivs. quadrangular, slender, J4 

 in. long, bright green: cones 2-2}^ in. long with obovate, rounded 

 scales. W. China. P. Wilsonii, Mast. (P. Mastersii, Mayr). (I.) 

 Tree, to 80 ft. : branchlets glabrous, pale gray: winter buds ovoid, 

 dark brown, lustrous: Ivs. quadrangular, curved, acute, Jiin. long: 

 cones cylindric-oblong, l%r~2 in., brown; scales suborbicular, en- 

 tire, finally recurved at margin. Cent. China. G.C. 111.33:133. 

 Not in cult, are the following species: P. gemmata, Rehd. & 

 Wilson, P. hirtella, Rehd. & Wilson, P. NeoreUchii, Mast. (G.C. 

 III. 33:116), from China, and P. Atorrisonicola, Hayata, from 



PICKEREL- WEED: Pontederia. 



PICOTEE: Carnation. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



PICRASMA (Greek, pikrasmos, bitterness; referring 

 to the bitter bark and wood). Including Pier Sena. 

 Simarubdcex. Trees and shrubs, with alternate odd- 

 pinnate Ivs., yellowish green fls. in axillary long- 

 peduncled looss cymes, and subglobose dry berry-like 

 fr. About 8 species in S. and E. Asia and W. India. 

 P. quassioides, Bennett (P. ailanthoides, Planch. P. 

 japonica, Gray), seems to be the only species in cult. 

 It is an upright shrub or small tree to 30 ft., almost 

 glabrous except the tomentulose infl. : Ivs. with 4-8 pairs 

 of Ifts. ; Ifts. ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, crenately 

 serrate, 2^-33^ in. long: fr. -pea-sized, bright red, with 

 1 seed. Himalayas, China, Japan. S.I.F. 1:53. This is 

 probably the hardiest species of the genus, and has 

 proved hardy at the Arnold Arboretum in favorable 

 positions but needs protection while young. Its chief 

 ornamental value consists in the handsome foliage 

 turning orange and scarlet in fall and in the bright red 

 frs. Wood and bark are exceedingly bitter. The wood 

 of some species, especially P. excelsa, Planch., from 

 W. Indies, is used in medicine like that of Quassia. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



PIE-PLANT: Rhubarb. 



PIERIS (a mythological name). Including Portiina. 

 Ericaceae. Ornamental shrubs, grown chiefly for their 

 handsome white flowers. 



Evergreen or deciduous shrubs or rarely small trees: 

 Ivs. alternate, short-petioled, entire or serrulate: fls. hi 

 often panicled racemes or hi axillary clusters forming 

 terminal racemes; calyx-lobes valvate or distinct; 

 corolla globose or urceolate, with 5 short lobes; sta- 

 mens 10; anthers obtuse, with a pair of awns near the 

 base or the filaments 2-toothed below the apex: caps. 

 with 5 dehiscent valves; seeds linear-oblong, not 

 winged, with membranaceous testa. About 10 species 

 in N. Amer. and hi E. Asia south to the Himalayas. 

 Often included under Andromeda. Closely allied to 

 Lyonia, which is distinguished by its awnless anthers, 

 and to Zenobia, which has the anthers 4-awned at the 

 apex. The foliage of some species is said to be poison- 

 ous to cattle. 



The pieris are handsome shrubs with medium-sized 

 oval to lanceolate leaves and with rather small white 

 flowers in large terminal panicles or hi racemes. The 

 evergreen P. floribunda and the deciduous P. mariana 

 are hardy North and, like the other species, are valua- 

 ble for the earliness of their flowers. The most beauti- 

 ful are P. japonica and P. formosa; the first thrives still 

 in Massachusetts in sheltered positions, but the flowers 

 are usually winter-killed, while P. formosa can be grown 

 only South. They are easily forced, and P. japonica 

 especially may be recommended for this purpose; it 

 makes a very handsome and graceful pot-plant for 



