2744 



POLYGONUM 



POLYPODIUM 



P. crlspulum, Sims=Atraphaxis buxifolia. P. cymdsum, Trev. 

 (Fagopyrum cymosum, Meissn.). Puberulous perennial: Ivs. 

 triangular: fls. white, secund on long recurved branches of cymes. 

 Himalaya to China. P. mdlle, Don. Shrubby perennial, allied to 

 P. polystachyum, the branches stout, terete and villous: Ivs. 

 elliptic-lanceolate, pubescent or tomentose beneath: fls. white, in 

 large thyrse-like tomentose terminal panicles. Himalaya. P. 

 mutiifldrum, Thunb. Tuberous-rooted climber, with reddish sts. : 

 Ivs. cordate-ovate, acute, shining: fls. small and whitish, in spreading 



Eanicles. China and Japan. P. plaiycaulon, Hort.=Muehlen- 

 eckia platyclada. P. scdndens, Hort., as once described, is a 

 twiner, with firm Ivs., cordate at base, dark green above and claret- 

 colored beneath. G.C. III. 28:187. P. serlceum, Pall. Stout peren- 

 nial, 4 ft., free-branching, with spirea-like panicles in July ana Aug. 

 of white fls.: densely pubescent: Ivs. subsessile, oval-oblong, lanceo- 

 late, attenuate at base: fls. in short simple racemes terminal or in 

 upper axils. Siberia. P. sphserost&chyum, Meissn. Allied to P. 

 affine, from which it differs in the "dense broad cylindric or globose 

 spike of blood-red pendulous fls.": tufted perennial, suitable for 

 small rock-gardens. Himalaya. B.M. 6847. L H B 



POLYMNIA (the muse Polyhymnia). Compdsitae. 

 American composites, mostly coarse, viscid and heavy- 

 scented. 



The N. American species are tall branching peren- 

 nials, with usually opposite thin Ivs., and the S. Ameri- 

 can shrubby or tree-like. They have loose panicles of 

 yellow or whitish fls. borne in summer. Heads broad, 

 many-fld.; rays several ? pistillate; disk-fls. perfect but 

 sterile. About 10 species. 



canadensis, Linn. CANADA or SMALL-FLOWERED 

 LEAF-CUP. Height 2-5 ft., the st. clammy-hairy: Ivs. 

 deltoid-ovate to hastate, thin, deeply angulate-lobed; 

 lobes dentate, 4r-10 in. long: heads few in terminal 

 clusters, 4-6 lines broad; rays minute or none. June- 

 Sept. Damp, rich, shaded places, Vt., Ont. to Minn., 

 south to Ga. and Ark. B.B. 2:405. Var. radiate, Gray, 

 with whitish rays sometimes ^in. long, is also offered 

 by one dealer in native plants: st.-lvs. are more per- 

 fectly 3-lobed than in the type. N. TAYLOR.! 



POLYPODIUM (Greek, many feet; alluding to the 

 extensive rootstocks). Polypodiacese. A large group of 

 ferns, some hardy and some tender; the latter are often 

 grown in under-glass collections. 



Ferns with naked rounded spri, and with the Ivs. 

 jointed to the rootstocks, leaving a scar when they 

 separate. As here treated the veins may be free or 

 united to form areoles. The genus is a very extensive 

 one, growing in all parts of the world, and has frequently 

 been divided into a series of genera based on habit and 

 the nature of venation, which is probably a more 



3107. Polypodium vulgare. ( X V) 



3108. Sori and a 

 single sporangium 

 of Polypodium vul- 

 gare. (Sori about 

 natural size.) 



logical treatment; some of these genera, indeed, as 

 Phymatodes and Phlebodium, have here been sepa- 

 rated; the genus would be more homogeneous were 

 others placed by themselves. See comments in con- 

 nection with P. Lingua and P. Phyttltidis. For cul- 

 ture, see Fern. 



californicum, 7. 

 cambricum, 1. 

 Catharinse, 8. 

 falcatum, 2. 

 fraxinifolium, 9. 



INDEX. 



incanum, 6. 

 Lingua, 12. 

 pectinatum, 4. 

 Phyllitidis, 11. 

 Plumula, 3. 



A. Veins free: Ivs. once pinnate. 



B. Sori large, conspicuous. 



1. vulgare, Linn. WALL FERN. POLYPODY. Figs. 

 3107, 3108. Lf.-blades 4-10 in. long, on pale stalks half 

 their length, 1-3 in. wide, cut nearly or quite to the 

 rachis into entire or slightly toothed blunt pinna;. 

 New England to Ala. and westward to Ore. ; also com- 

 mon throughout Eu., where many forms are in cult. 



polypodioides, 6. 

 subauriculatum, 10. 

 tricuspe, 13. 

 vacciniifolium, 5. 

 vulgare, 1. 



3109. Polypodium vacciniifolium. ( X 1 A) 



Var. cambricum (Fig. 3110) occurs in N. Y. and New 

 England. Very many other varieties are cult, in Eng- 

 land but unknown to American trade. 



2. falcatum, Kellogg. Lvs. 12-15 in. long, 4-8 in. 

 wide, on long, straw-colored stalks; pinnae numerous, 

 tapering to a slender point, sharply serrate. Calif, to 

 Wash. 



BB. Sori smaller. 



3. Plumula, HBK. Lvs. 9-18 in. long, narrow-lanceo- 

 late, 1-2 in. wide; pinnae numerous, narrow, entire, 

 blunt, the lower pairs scarcely smaller than those above; 

 stalks blackish. Fla. and Trop. Amer. 



4. pectinatum, Linn. Lvs. elliptic-lanceolate, 1-2^ 

 ft. long, 2-6 in. wide, cut to the rachis into horizontal 

 entire or toothed pinnae, the lower ones gradually 

 reduced to short, triangular lobes. Fla. and Trop. 

 Amer. 



AA. Veins uniting, forming regular areoles each with a 

 single free included veinlet. 



B. Lvs. simple, undivided. 



5. vacciniifdlium, Langs. & Fisch. Fig. 3109. Lvs. 

 small, of two sorts, rising from slender, wide-creeping 

 rootstocks; sterile lys. roundish or elliptic; sporophylls 

 linear or ligulate, with large sori in a single row. Trop. 

 Amer., from the W. Indies southward. 



BB. Lvs. pinnate. 

 c. Fronds covered with flat scales underneath. 



6. polypodioides, Hitchc. (P. incanum, Swartz). 

 Lvs. 2-6 in. long, an inch or more wide, with entire 

 pinna? which are usually more or less revolute; veins 

 indistinct, from the thick texture. Va. and S. 111. to 

 Brazil; commonly growing on trees in the southern 

 states. Known as resurrection fern from its ability to 

 revive after long drying. 



cc. Fronds smooth beneath. 

 D. Pinnx broad at base and often confluent. 



7. californicum, Kaulf. Lvs. 4-9 in. long, 1-5 in. 

 wide, cut into finely toothed pinnae which are mostly 

 confluent at the base. Calif. Has much the habit of 

 the European forms of P. vulgare. 



