POPULUS 



POPULUS 



2761 



(which has recently been taken up by botanists under the forms 

 ddtoidea and deltoides). Koch, in his Dendrologie, however, sug- 

 gests P. grandidentata as the species meant by Marshall, but the 

 range of this species forbids. The full account in Marshall is as 

 follows: 



"Populus deltoide. White Poplar, 

 or Cotton Tree of 



Carolina 



"(Bartram's Catalogue). 



"This becomes a tall tree, with a large erect trunk, covered with 

 a white, smoothish bark, resembling that of the Aspen tree. The 

 leaves are large, generally nearly tri- 

 angular, toothed or indented with sharp 

 and deep serratures, of a shining full 

 green on their upper surface, but some- 

 what lighter or hoary underneath; 

 standing upon long slender footstalks, 

 and generally restless or in motion. 

 The timber is white, firm, 

 and elastic, principally used 

 for fence-rails. It grows na- 

 turally upon rich low hinds, 

 on the banks of large rivers 

 in Carolina and Florida." 



3139. Leaves of one of the tall, 

 narrow Carolina poplars, presum- 

 ably P. Eugenei ( X ' 2), from which 

 the description under No. 14 is 

 partly drawn. 



The first undisputed binomials, reinforced by specimens, appear 

 to be those of Alton. 1789, P. monilifera and P. angulata. It is 

 unfortunate that Marshall's P. deltoide has been revived in order to 

 satisfy the demand for priority: it is not Latin; it may be rendered 

 either in the form deltoides or deltoidea, thereby introducing con- 

 fusion: the only way of determining what plant he had in mind is 

 by habitat and range, "rich lowlands" "in Carolina and Florida." 

 As we now define the poplars of Carolina and Florida there is only 

 one species, but it is not unlikely that others will be sepa- 

 rated. Marshall's name, as the other very early names, should be 

 disregarded and Aiton's P. monilifera taken as the starting-point. 

 The name P. canadensis has been variously applied by succeeding 

 authors: it is probably a female hybrid; at least some of the stock 

 once grown in N. Amer. under this name was P. deltoides: the 

 name should be discarded. P. tirginiana, Foug., 1786, is fairly 

 well defined by Castiglioni (Viaggio Negli Stati Uni . . . pub. at 

 Milano, 1790), and appears to be the species named P. monilifera, 

 by Aiton, 1789, but to take up the name would contribute nothing 

 to clarity. 



The Carolina poplar was early planted in this country. It was 

 apparently known to John Bartram. It is mentioned by M'Mahon 

 in his "Gardener's Calendar," 1806. It is listed in the catalogue 

 of William Booth, of Baltimore, 1810; also by William Prince of 

 Flushing, Long Island, in 1823, 1825, 1829, by Landreth, of Phila- 

 delphia, in 1S28. What form of poplar all these early pjanters had 

 is not now to be determined. To what extent the hybrid Carolina 

 poplar (P. angulata) is now planted in this country is unknown to 

 the writer. It is apparent that European hybrid poplars are useful 



that have been applied more or less loosely or erroneously to the 

 P. angulata group on the supposition that it is a species of the S. U. 

 S. are as follows: P. angulosa, P. macrophylla, P. deltoidea var. 

 angulata, P. Carolina, P. caroliniana, and P. carolinensis, Hort. ; 

 P. deltoides var. carolinensis, Bailey; P. deltoidea var. missouriensis. 



3140. Winter 

 buds of Popu- 

 lus No. 14. 

 ( X Ji) 



Henry. If P. deltoides is itself taken to be this southern form, then 

 all these synonyms must now be ranged under that name, so far 

 as they may apply to the plant in question. 



Supposed or accepted nybrids in the black poplar group (P. 

 nigra-deltoides-angulata) are recognized as follows (only two or 

 three of which are likely to be found in this country unless in 

 special collections): 



(i) P. serotina, Hartig (P. helvetica, Poed. P. angulata var. 

 serotina, Koehne). BLACK ITALIAN POPLAR. Swiss POPLAR in 

 France. A valuable timber tree: very strong 

 staminate tree with a broad head and wide- 

 spreading but ascending branches and regularly 

 furrowed bark: buds brownish and viscid: Ivs. 

 appearing very late (hence the name P. serotina), 

 reddish tinged and glabrous, larger than those 

 of P. Eugenei, ovate-deltoid with broad truncate 

 base and short cuspidate or acuminate apex, 

 with few crenate serrations rather far apart and 

 toward the base of the blade, the glands 1, 2 or 

 0, near the apex of the reddish petiole: young 

 plants and vigorous growths with ridged shoots, 

 and Ivs. 5-6 in. or more long. G.C. III. 56:47. 

 A very old hybrid, having been described by 

 Duhamel in 1755. P. deltoides var. monilifera is 

 probably one of the parents, and P. nigra var. 

 typica the other. Very likely one of the planted 

 poplars in this country and apparently some- 

 times passing as P. deltoides. 



(b) P. marilandica, Bosc (P. eitxylon, Dode). 

 Pistillate tree that originated early in the 19th 

 century: buds small and viscid: Ivs. (resembling 

 those of P. nigra) 4 x 3 in., rhomboid, cuneate at 

 base, tapering above into a long-acuminate apex, 

 glabrous, crenate-serrate with incurved teeth, the 

 margins with minute scattered hairs. Appears to 

 be a hybrid of P. deltoidea var. monilifera and P. 

 nigra. 



(c) P. Henryana, Dode. Of unknown origin: 

 of branching open habit similar to that of P. 

 deltoides var. monilifera: a staminate tree, with 



Ivs. cuneate at broad base: "of no particular vigor," and little 

 known. G. III. 56:46. 



(d) P. rpbusta, Schneid. Probably the issue of P. angulaiaxP. 

 pVintierensis: of narrow columnar habit but short branches much 

 more divaricate than in the Lombardy, of very rapid growth: twigs 

 hairy: staminate. G.C. III. 56:66. 



(e) P. regenerata, Schneid. (P. Eucalyptus, Hort.). Pistillate 

 tree like P. serotina in twigs and foliage but Ivs. opening 2 weeks 

 or more earlier, of narrow outline and bearing pistillate fls. : cat- 

 kins similar to those of P. marilandica, but with usually only 2 

 stigmas. 



(/) P. Lloydii, Henry (probably P. nigra var. betulifolia and 

 P. serotina). Tall pistillate tree with pubescent branchlets, described 

 by Henry as follows: Bark similar to that of P. serotina: young 

 branchlets with minute pubescence, glabrous and yellowish brown 

 the second year; buds small, viscid: Ivs. about 2 J^ in. wide and long, 

 truncate, rounded or cuneate at base, with a short non-serrated, 

 acuminate or cuspidate apex, crenate-serrate, teeth incurved- 

 ciliate till late summer; glands minute, often absent; petiole red- 

 dish with minute pubescence: pistillate catkins 2-2}^ in., glabrous; 

 pedicels short, ovary globose, in a cup-shaped oblique entire disk 

 with 2, rarely 3, dilated spreading stigmas: fruiting catkins 4 in.; 

 caps. 2-valved. 

 G.C. III. 56:67. 



(g) P. generSsa, 

 Henry. Intermedi- 

 ate between the 

 parents (P. angu- 

 lata, pistillate, and 

 P. trichocarpa) in 

 width and color of 

 Ivs., the under sur- 

 face pale gray; re- 

 sembles P. angulata 

 in having coarsely 

 serrate often cor- 

 d a t e translucent- 

 bordered Ivs., but 

 P. trichocarpa in 

 bearing rounded 

 petioles. A plant of 

 "astounding vigor," 

 issued from a cross 

 made at Kew in 

 March, 1912. G.C. 

 III. 56:258, 259. 

 See also Henry, 

 Trans. Roy. Scott. 

 Arbor. Soc. 30, p. 

 25, fig. 10; and 

 Journ. Dept. Agric., 

 Ireland, 15:44. A 

 tree of much prom- 

 ise. It originated 

 from Jiand-pollina- 



3141. The tree commonly known as 

 Carolina poplar. Probably Populus Eu- 

 genei. 



len, four seedlings 

 resulting. 



