2838 



PRUNUS 



PRUNUS 



3239. Prunus avium 

 (X 1 A). No. 54. 



Mazzard stocks, mostly imported, are used as stocks for 

 cherries, although Mahaleb is more popular with prop- 

 agators because (like the Myrobalan plum) it is easier 

 and cheaper to grow, runs more uniform and is capable 

 of being budded through a long season. 



There are many ornamental forms of the P. avium, 

 as: var. pyramidalis, Hort., tree making a pyramidal 

 crown; var. pendula, Hort., with 

 drooping branches (Gn. 59, p. 267) ; 

 var. variegata, Hort., with yellow 

 and dull white markings on the 

 foliage; var. asplenifolia, Kirchn., 

 with deeply toothed and cut Ivs.; 

 var. plena, Hort., with double fls. 

 (G.M. 53:9. G.W. 6, p. 329. Gn. 

 78, p. 242) ; var. salicifdlia, Dipp., 

 with very narrow Ivs. P. Fontane- 

 siana, Schneid. (Cerasus Fontane- 

 siana, Spach. P. graeca, Desf.), is 

 probably a hybrid of P. avium x 

 P. Mahaleb, like P. avium in habit : 

 young branchlets pubescent: Ivs. 

 about 4 in. long, differing from those 

 of P. avium in the more crenate 

 gland-tipped serrations: does not 

 produce fr. To P. avium are to 

 be referred such garden names as 

 P. angustifolia, P. heterophylla, and 

 others. 



Var. Juliana, Bailey (Prunus Cera- 

 sus var. Juliana, Linn. Cerasus 

 Juliana, DC.). HEART or GEAN CHERRIES. Fr. heart- 

 shaped, with soft flesh, as in the varieties Governor 

 Wood, Black Tartarian, Black Eagle. These are the 

 Guigniers and Heaumiers of the French. A weeping 

 form is known as P. Juliana var. pendula. 



Var. regalis. Bailey (C. regalis, Poit. & Turp.). DTJKE 

 CHERRIES. Differ from the Heart cherries in having an 

 acid flesh (and for that reason often erroneously referred 

 to P. Cerasus). May Duke is the leading representa- 

 tive. Said by Hedrick ("Cherries of New York") to be 

 "unquestionably hybrids between the Sweet cherry 

 and Sour cherry," P. avium and P. Cerasus. 



Var. duracina, Bailey (Prunus Cerasus var. durddna, 

 Linn. C. duracina, DC. C. Bigarella, Roem.). BIGAR- 

 REAU or HARD-FLESHED CHERRIES. Distinguished by 

 the firm breaking flesh of the fr., which is mostly of 

 light color. Here belong the Windsor, Yellowish Span- 

 ish, Napoleon. 



Var. decumana, Koch (C. decumana, Delann. P. 

 macrophylla, Poir. P. nicotians? folia, Thomps.). Lys. 

 very large (sometimes nearly 1 ft. long and 4-6 in. 

 broad), somewhat heart-shaped. Grown for ornament. 



BB. Sepals or calyx-lobes erect-spreading. 



c. Floral involucre (at base of infl.) large, about Y^in. 

 long or more: Ivs. not lobulate or incised-double- 

 serrate. 



D. Fruiting pedicel not thickened, or only very gradually 



so at apex. 



E. Calyx-tube acute at base, narrowly tubular or turbinate- 



tubular: fr. black. This group comprises the famous 

 Japanese flowering cherries of midspring and later. 



55. serrulata, Lindl. (Cerasus serrulata, Don. C. 

 serratifolia, Carr. Prunus Pseudo-Cerasus, Hort., not 

 Lindl. P. mutdbilis, Miyoshi, in part.) JAPANESE 

 FLOWERING CHERRY. Large tree, long in cult., but, like 

 other Japanese and Chinese cherries, little known in 

 Amer.: Ivs. large (3-6 in. long and 2 in. or more broad), 

 oval, ovate to obovate, abruptly long-acuminate, gla- 

 brous, glaucescent beneath, deep green, the prominent 

 teeth short-aristate; petiole glabrous, glandless or with 

 1 or 2 small glands near apex: fls. white, not fragrant, 

 semi-double, in a large glabrous infl., appearing with 



Ivs. or just preceding them, in 3-5-fld. clusters on 

 short or long peduncles, the bracts large, fimbriate, the 

 pedicels to 1 in. long; calyx-tube glabrous, the ovate- 

 acute lobes or sepals mostly exceeding the tube; style 

 glabrous: fr. size of small pea, black. China, Japan, 

 Korea. G.C. III. 7:609; 19:467. Gn. 56:300. A.G. 

 12:399. This showy species occurs in cult, in many 

 forms, with fls. whitish or pink and otherwise variable, 

 often under the name of P. Pseudo-Cerasus. A very 

 double pink and rather small-fld. form is forma rosea 

 Wilson (f. Shidare-Sakura, Koehne). Var. spontanea, 

 Wilson, is a wild form in China, Korea, and Japan, with 

 single white or pink fls. about 3^in. across, and Ivs. 

 greenish brown to reddish brown when unfolding. This 

 form is also cult, in the Orient. It makes a tree to 75 

 ft. high and 12 ft. in girth. Formse of this variety are 

 f. humilis, Wilson, bush or small tree with pale fls. and 

 rather glaucous under surface of Ivs., the peduncle 

 elongated, cult, in Japan; f. Kosioyama, Wilson, fls. 

 single, pinkish, Ivs. slightly hairy on upper surface of 

 midrib, cult, in Japan and intro. in this country; f. 

 prsecox, Wilson, fls. single and rather small, pale pink, 

 blooming in late winter in Japan, and also intro. in 

 this country. Var. pubescens, Wilson (P. tenuiflora, 

 P. Leveilleana, P. mesadenia, P. Veltchii, P. vere- 

 cunda, Koehne. P. quelpaertensis, Nakai). Lvs. pale 

 green below and more or less sparsely pubescent, the 

 petiole somewhat bearded, and pedicels pubescent: fls. 

 single, white or pink. China, Korea, Japan; said by 

 Wilson to have the widest distribution of any Japanese 

 cherry, and it is there cult., and forms of it have been 

 intro. in this country. Wilson recognizes the following 

 formse of this variety: sdncta (Meigetsu), Ivs. slightly 

 villous above and pale beneath, the fls. single, white 

 changing to pale pink; Shibayama, fls. single and pink, 

 of little horticultural value; Taizanfukun, first described 

 under this species, is now referred by Wilson to P. 

 yedoensis. 



Var. sachalinensis, Makino (P. Pseudo-Cerasus var. 

 sachalinensis, F. Schmidt. P. sachalinensis, Koidz. 

 P. Sdrgentii, Rehd. P. floribunda, Koehne). Fig. 3240. 

 Large tree attaining a height, in its native places, of 

 60-80 ft. with trunk 9-13 ft. in girth and head 30-50 



3240. Prunus serrulata var. sachalinensis ( X 1 A) . No. 55. 



