PULMONABIA 



PUMMELO 



PULMONARIA (Latin, lung; the herb having been 

 considered a remedy for diseases of the lungs). Bor- 

 aginaces. LUXXJWORT. Perennial herbs with a creeping 

 rootstock, used in flower-gardens and hardy borders. 



Leaves radical, often broad, cauline few and alter- 

 nate: fls. in terminal cymes, rather large, blue or pur- 

 ple; calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-toothed or cleft to 

 the middle only; corolla-tube straight, naked or pilose, 

 limbs spreading, 5-lobed; stamens included in the tube: 

 nuts smooth. About 8-10 species in Eu. and 1 species 

 said to extend into X. Asia. Mertensia, an allied genus, 

 has a short open more deeply-cleft calyx, exserted, 

 stamens, and slightly fleshy nuts. 



Pulmonarias are of easy cultivation, preferring light 

 soil, not very dry, in open or partially shaded positions. 

 They are readily propagated by division. Divide the 

 clumps even- two or three years. 



A. Lrs. white-spotted. 

 B. Plant very glandular. 



saccharata, Mill. BETHLEHEM SAGE. Height 6-18 

 in.: st. setose-hairy, with articulate glands: radical Ivs. 

 oval-acuminate at both ends, slightly decurrent, larger 

 than in following species: fls. whitish or reddish violet. 

 April, May. In shady places, Eu. G. 29:147. 



BB. Plant rough-hairy but slightly if at all glandular. 



officinalis, Linn. (P. maculata, F. G. Dietr.). Height 

 6-12 in. : radical Ivs. in distinct tufts, ovate-oblong to 

 nearly linear, on long footstalks, coarsely hairy, more 

 or less spotted: fls. in terminal forked cymes, red fading 

 to violet. April. Woods, Eu. Gn. 74, p. 213. Com- 

 monly cult. 



AA. Lvs. entirely green. 



B. Radical Ivs. linear- or oblong-lanceolate, tapering to the 

 petiole. 



angustifolia, Linn. Height 6-12 in.: st. setose-hairy, 

 having a few glands: radical Ivs. linear-lanceolate to 

 oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering to and decurrent 

 on petiole: fls. blue. -April, May. Woods, Eu. Var. 

 azurea, Hort., has been listed. 



BB. Radical h'S. broadly elliptic-lanceolate, abruptly con- 

 tracted into the petiole. 



montana, Lej. (P. mottis, Wolff, not Auth.). Height 

 6-20 in.: Ivs. bright green, radical broadly elliptic- 

 lanceolate, abruptly contracted to the petiole: fls. 

 violet. April. Cent. Eu. Some of the material cult, 

 as P. mollis and its varieties is probably not the P. 

 mollis of Wolff and is referable to P. officinalis. 



P. alba, Hort. Saul., is presumably Mertensia sibirica var. alba. 

 P. arernfnsis, Hort., with purple-blue fls. and compact growth, and 

 its yar. dlba, Hon., with pure white fls., and good green If., flower- 

 ing in March, are listed. P. sibtrica. See Mertensia sibirica. P. 

 tirginica. See Mertensia virginica. F W B <VRCL VT 



F. TRACT HUBBARD.! 



PULSATfLLA: Anemone. 



PULTENjEA (probably named after Dr. Richard 

 Pulteney, 1730-1801). Leguminbsx. Shrubs suitable 

 for the warmhouse, not commonly in cultivation, 

 although many species have been occasionally grown. 



Leaves alternate or rarely ternate-verticillate: fls. 

 axillary and solitary or in terminal heads, usually yel- 

 low, orange or mixed with purple; ovary sessile or 

 rarely short -stipitate: pods ovate, compressed or 

 turgid, 2-valved. About 90 species in Austral. Pul- 

 teneas grow best in a mixture of peat and silver sand 

 and are said to need firm potting and careful water- 

 ing with soft water. Prop, by seed or by cuttings 

 made of the points of shoots when about three parts 

 matured. 



r6sea, F. Muell. Erect heath-like shrub with virgate 

 branches: Ivs. linear-terete ; stipules subulate-pointed: 

 fls. pink, in terminal heads; calyx silky pubescent: pod 

 acuminate. Austral. G.Z. 21:193. 



PUMMELO (possibly contraction of Dutch pompei- 

 moes). A generic term including most of the varieties 

 of Citrus grandis (see page 782, Vol. II), other names for 

 forms of this species being grapefruit (page 1391, Vol. 

 HI) and shaddock (Vol. VI). 



The grapefruits long grown in the West Indies and 

 the United States comprise a group of very juicy subglo- 

 bose (not pear-shaped) thin-skinned varieties differing 

 widely from the common pummelos of the East Indies 

 which are usually more or less pear-shaped, thick- 

 skinned, and have a firm pulp. These latter are called 

 shaddocks in the West Indies and United States. These 

 two extremes are well separated in the character of the 

 fruit and also show differences in the leaves and twigs, 

 the pummelos having more or less hairy twigs, leaves 

 downy on the under surface and very broadly winged 

 petioles, while the grapefruits have nearly smooth, 

 slender twigs, leaves smooth on the under surface, and 

 narrower petioles. 



In the Orient, however, there are a multitude of 

 forms of pummelos, among which occur all the inter- 

 mediates between the two extreme types noted above. 

 Under these circumstances it seems advisable to retain 

 the word pummelo in its usual East Indian sense, i. e., 

 to include all varieties of Citrus grandis with the 

 exception of the grapefruit group which is sufficiently 

 distinct to merit a separate name. The attempt was 

 made some years ago to apply the name pomelo to the 

 grapefruit in this country but this name never attained 

 any currency among growers, shippers, dealers, and 

 consumers and was largely restricted to books and 

 bulletins on descriptive horticulture. Pomelo is really 

 a variant of pummelo, also written pummelow, pum- 

 meloe, pummalo, pumelo, pomello, and so on. In view 

 of this confusing perplexity of similar names, it seems 

 inadvisable to attempt to distinguish by the name 

 pomelo the grapefruit of America from the pummelo of 

 the East Indies. 



As a result of a trip to Japan, China, and the Philip- 

 pine Islands made by the writer in 1915, it was found 

 that some varieties of pummelos were very resistant 

 to citrus canker (caused by Pseudomonas dtri), unlike 

 the grapefruit which is very susceptible to this disease. 

 Unless citrus canker can be wholly eradicated from the 

 southeastern United States it will be necessary to 

 hybridize the grapefruit with the most canker-resist- 

 ant sorts of citrous fruits in the hope of securing new 

 varieties combining the juiciness and high flavor of the 

 grapefruit with the canker-resistance of the other par- 

 ent. In this work the canker-resistant varieties of the 

 pummelo, some of them of excellent quality, promise 

 to be of capital importance. 



In view of this unforeseen importance of the pummelo, 

 the following sketch of the more promising known 

 varieties is given: 



Malayan varieties. Banda navel, from Plo-ay, Banda 

 Islands, Malaysia. Fruits very large, nearly round but 

 bumpy, growing in clusters of five or six; peel an inch 

 thick;" pulp white, juicier and sweeter than the com- 

 mon pummelo, nearly or quite seedless ; the fruits some- 

 times show an included navel, a smaller fruit the size 

 of a peeled orange being formed near the top of the 

 larger fruit. Navel fruits are very rare in seedlings 

 grown in Amboyna from seed brought from Banda. 

 This very interesting variety described by Rumphius 

 about 200 years ago does not seem to have been 

 noticed since. Cassomba. Rumphius describes this as 

 a depressed globose variety as large as a man's head, 

 commonly grown on the island of Amboyna. It has 

 red vinous pulp as sweet as currants when ripe, often 

 seedless. Labuan, or Bali (?). A seedless pummelo of 

 yen,' superior quality is said to have been introduced by 

 Sir Hugh Low from the island of Bah' to Labuan Island 

 off the coast of Borneo, from whence it was sent some 

 fifteen years ago to the West Indies. The tree is said 

 be thornless. 



