PYRUS 



PYRUS 



2869 



3280. Pyms Bretschneideri. 

 (XJi) 



calyx-lobes triangular-ovate and long-acuminate, }/ to 

 about l /fan. long, glandulose-denticulate; petals oval, 

 short-clawed, nearly %in. long; stamens about 20; 

 styles 4 or 5, glabrous: fr. subglobose, brown, slender- 

 stalked, the calyx, deciduous. Cent, and W. China. 

 B.M. 8226 represents a form named by Rehder var. 

 Stapfiana, differing in pyriform fr., less appressed ser- 

 ratures on the Ivs., and 

 petals attenuate - clawed . 

 P. serotina or its forms is 

 recommended on the 

 Pacific Coast as a more or 

 less blight-resistant stock 

 for the European types. 



Var. culta, Rehd. (P. 

 sinensis, Hort., not Lindl. 

 nor Poir. P. sinensis var. 

 culta, Makino). SAND 

 PEAR. Fig. 2808, p. 2507, 

 the details of If.-margins 

 not showing. JAPANESE 

 and CHINESE PEAR of 

 pomologists. Differs from 

 the type of the species in 

 its large pyriform or 

 apple-form fr., larger and 

 broader Ivs. (which are 

 often 6 in. long and 3-4 

 in. broad). Japan. A 

 very rapid-growing tree, 

 with strong, thick shoots: 

 Ivs. broadly ovate and 

 long-pointed, very dark green, the margins thickly 

 furnished with very sharp, sometimes almost bristle- 

 like teeth: fls. large, appearing rather in advance of 

 the foliage: fr. hard and usually roughish, commonly 

 with a depression or "cavity" about the st., the flesh 

 tough and gritty and poor in flavor, the calyx usually 

 falling before maturity. R.H. 1879:170; 1880:110 (as 

 P. Sieboldii). Known in this country in a number of 

 varieties, as Chinese Sand, Japanese Sand, Hawaii, 

 Madame von Siebold (which pomological variety Rehder 

 writes, "may be considered as representing the type" of 

 var. culta), Mikado, Diamyo, Gold Dust. The frs. are 

 often remarkably apple-like, especially hi the russet vari- 

 eties, but they are distinguished by the long st. and pear- 

 like flesh. The Japanese pear is little prized for its fr. 

 although the pears are useful for preserving and some of 

 the varieties are showy and the frs. are good keepers; 

 it is used for stocks upon which to work the common 

 pear, and it has given good results in hybridizing. It is 

 an excellent ornamental tree, being a clean grower of 

 great vigor. Kieffer, Le Conte, and others are hybrids 

 of P. cammunis and P. serotina var. cuLta (Figs. 2809- 

 2810). This type has a stronger growth than the 

 common pears, the Ivs. are usually broader and darker 

 green, with closely and mostly obtusely serrate edges, 

 the fr. is more or less pyriform and of better flavor 

 than that of the oriental parent, and the calyx is 

 either persistent or deciduous. Seedlings of Kieffer 

 often produce the sharply toothed Ivs. of P. serotina 

 var. culta. 



Other oriental pears are likely to appear in cult., and it is neces- 

 sary to distinguish them briefly. 



A. Calyx persistent: fr. yellow. 

 B. Lts. setosely and sharply serrate. 



c. Fr. globose or subglobose, short-stalked: hs. orbicular-ovate or 

 orate, these and infl. glabrous from the first. 



10. P. ussuriensis, Maxim. Fig. 3277. Differs from its allies, 

 according to Rehder, chiefly in the short stalk of the fr. which is 

 globose and has a persistent calyx, in the broad often nearly 

 orbicular strongly setose-serrate Ivs., and in the lighter yellowish 

 brown color of the branchlets; fl.-clusters rather dense and hemi- 

 spherical, owing to the short stalks: petals obovate and rather grad- 

 ually narrowed toward base; styles distinctly pilose near the base. 

 Manchuria, Amoorland, N. China. R.H. 1872, p. 28 (as P. Simonii, 

 Carr.). Sometimes spiny; branches often yellow-gray. 



CC. Fr. otoid, long-stalked: hs. oblong-ovate or orate, these and the 

 infl. at first more or less floccose-tomentose. 



11. P. ovoidea, Rehd. Fig. 3278. Differs from P. ussuriensis 

 chiefly in the narrower Ivs., darker-colored branches, and longer- 

 stalked longer-shaped fr. which has spreading persistent sepals: in 

 longitudinal section the yellow juicy fr. is described as exactly 

 ovate, broad and rounded at the base, tapering from the middle 

 toward a truncate apex, thus constituting a pear of unusual and 

 distinct shape. China. Blooms a week ahead of other species of 

 pears; the foliage turns bright scarlet in autumn. Hardy N. 

 Sometimes grown as P. Simoni. 



BB. Lts. denticulate or serrate but the serratures not setose-acuminate: 

 fr. oral in outline, long-peduncled. 



12. P.Lindleyi, Rehd. (P. sinensis, Lindl., not Poir.). Fig. 3279. 

 Known only from Lindley's descriptions and figure, and perhaps a 

 cult, form of some other species: the Ivs. have short and rather 

 small appressed teeth that are not at all acuminate, or those on the 

 short growths nearly crenate-serrate; in shape ovate and abruptly 

 acuminate, rounded at the base and those on the short branchlets 

 mostly subcordate. China. B.R. 1248 (as P. sinensis). Lindley's 

 name, P. sinensis, has long been used for the sand pears, which 

 plants must now bear the name P. serotina var. culta. 



AA. Calyx falling: fr. yellow or brown. 

 B. Lvs. setosely serrate: fr yellow. 



13. P. Bretschneideri, Rehd. Fig. 3280. Medium-sized tree, 

 closely allied to P. ovoidea but distinguished by the deciduous calyx 

 and the ovate or elliptic-ovate-acuminate Ivs. which have a broadly 

 cuneate or very rarely a rounded base; If .-margins sharp-serrate, at 

 first setose-acuminate but serratures becoming only acuminate and 

 somewhat appressed: fr. subglobose or globose-ovoid, about 1 in. 

 long and nearly or quite as thick, the base contracted into a stalk 

 1-1 % in. long, hanging, yellow and marked with pale dots. China. 

 Supposed to be the species that yields some of edible pears of 

 Peking. Hardy X. 



BB. LTS. sharply serrate or dentate-serrate but the serratures not setose: 



fr. brown. 



c. Styles 2-3: Its. mostly coarsely dentate-serrate, the base usually 

 broadly cuneate: fr. very small. 



14. P. betulaefolia, Bunge. Fig. 3281. Tree, to 20 ft., without 

 thorns, the buds and branchlets gray-tomentose, the head rather 

 narrow, the foliage pale and the fls. rather small: Ivs. ovate-acumi- 

 nate or rhombic-ovate-acuminate, cuneate at base, long-stalked, 

 sharp-serrate, becoming shining green above, pale tomentose or 

 glabrous beneath: fls. white, ^in. across, the styles and cells of 

 ovary 2: fr. nearly globular, size of a pea, brown and dotted, the 

 calyx falling. China. Hardy in New England and Canada. R.H. 

 1879, pp. 318, 319. G.F. 7:225 (reduced in Fig. 3281). A.F. 13: 

 1396. Gng. 6:309. A worthy plant for ornament, bearing a profu- 

 sion of fls. in advance of the Ivs. or at the time of the expanding of 

 the Ivs. It has been used as a stock for some of the pomological 

 pears. It is subject to pear-blight. 



15. P. Calleryana, Decne., although Chinese, in If. resembles the 

 crenate-serrate Eurasian type rather than the sharp-serrate or 



