QUERCUS 



and densely tomentose Ivs., resembles the following 

 species and is supposed by some authors to be a hybrid 

 between the two. 



35. Tdza, Bosc (Q. pyrendica, Willd. Q. camdta and 

 Q. crinita, Hort.). Tree, to 40 ft., with slender branches; 

 branchlets yellowish tomentose: Ivs. pinnatifid half- 

 way to the middle or more, with rather narrow and 

 acute lobes, pubescent above, yellowish or grayish 

 tomentose beneath, 3-5 in. long: fr. short- or long- 

 peduncled; acorn oblong, embraced one-third to one- 

 naif by the tomentose cup; scales loosely appressed, 

 rather large. Spain, S. France. Var. pendula, Dipp., 

 with pendulous branches. Somewhat tender N. 



36. conferta, Kit. (Q. panntinica, Hort. Q. Jiun- 

 gdrica, Hubeny). Tree, to 120 ft., with gradually 

 spreading branches forming a round-topped, open head: 

 bark rather light brown: Ivs. very short-petioled, 

 auriculate at the base, obovate, deeply pinnatifid, with 

 5-7 pairs of often toothed lobes, dark green and almost 

 glabrous at length, pale and tomentose beneath, 4-7 

 in. long: fr. short-peduncled; acorn ovoid-oblong, 

 embraced about one-third by the cup; scales rather 

 large, looselv appressed. Italy, S. E. Eu. G.C. II. 

 5:85. F.E. 19:236 (pi. 99). H.W. 2:24, pp. 72, 73. 

 Handsome oak with dark green foliage; hardy in Mass., 

 but seems not reliable farther north. 



37. Cerris, Linn. TURKEY OAK. Tree, to 120 ft., with 

 rather short spreading branches forming a broad pyram- 

 idal, at length often irregular open head: Ivs. oblong 

 or obovate-oblong, pinnatifid, with 38 pairs of entire or 

 few-toothed lobes, dark green and somewhat rough 

 above, grayish pubescent or almost glabrous beneath at 

 length: fr. short-stalked, ripening the second year; 

 acorn oblong-ovate, to 1 } 2 in. long, embraced about 

 one-half by the large mossy cup. S.E. Eu. W. Asia. 

 Mn. 3:166. Gn. 27, pp. 476, 477. H.W. 2:25, pp. 74-6. 

 G.W. 8, p. 181. F.E. 14:1264 (pi. 41). Handsome 

 oak with dark green foliage and of pyramidal habit 

 when young, but not quite hardy X. Easily recognized 

 even in winter by the slender subulate scales sur- 

 rounding and exceed- 

 ing the winter buds. 

 Var. austriaca, Loud. 

 Lvs. longer - petioled, 

 less deeply lobed, or 

 almost sinuately den- 

 tate with short, acute, 

 entire lobes. For Q. 

 austriaca sempervirens, 

 see Q. Pseudoturneri in 

 suppl. list. Var. lacini- 



ata, Loud. Lvs. deeply pinnatifid, often almost to 

 the midrib divided into narrow oblong acute lobes. 

 Var. Ambrozyana, Aschers. & Graebn. (Q. Ambrozyana, 

 Simonkai). Lvs. half -evergreen, smaller, subcoriace- 

 ous. glabrous above, with bristly teeth; stipules smaller, 

 caducous. Hungary. There are hybrids with Q. Suber, 

 for which see Q. Lucombeana, in suppl. list. 



38. Sftber, Linn. CORK OAK. Evergreen tree, to 

 50 ft., with broad round-topped head and thick, deeply 

 furrowed, spongy, elastic bark: Ivs. ovate to oblong, 

 rounded or subcordate at the base, remotely serrate 

 glabrous above, whitish tomentose or sometimes 

 glabrescent beneath, 1-3 in. long: fr. short-stalked; 

 acorn ovate or oblong-ovate, %-l% in. high, embraced 

 one-third to one-half by the cup; scales thick, usually 

 with short and often recurved tips. S. Eu., N. Afr. 

 H.W. 2, pp. 80, 81. G.W. 8, p. 182. From this species 

 cork is obtained; it is much cult, for this purpose in E. 

 India and recently also in Calif., where it seems to thrive 

 well. Q. occidcntalis, Gay, differs chiefly in the fr. ripen- 

 ing the second year, in the less persistent Ivs., the old 

 ones mostly falling in spring, in the shorter scales of 

 the cup and in its greater hardiness; its bark is not dis- 

 tinguished commercially from that of the true cork oak. 



QUERCUS 



2889 



3320. Quercus chrysolepis. ( X H) 



39. Ilex, Linn. HOLLY or HOLM OAK. Evergreen 

 tree, to 60 ft., with large, round-topped head: bark not 

 corky: Ivs. very variable, ovate to lanceolate, remotely 

 serrate or almost entire and with revolute margin, dark 

 green above, yellowish or whitish tomentose or some- 

 times glabrescent beneath, 1-3 in. long: fr. 1-3, usually 

 peduncled ; acorn 

 ovate, embraced 

 about one - half 

 by the cup; 

 scales thin, ap- 

 pressed, rarely 

 slightly spread- 

 ing. S. Eu. M. 

 D.G. 1898:275. 

 H.W. 2:25, pp. 

 77-79. G.M.54: 

 895. Gn. 65, p. 

 320. Var. Bal- 

 16ta, DC. (Q. 

 Battota, Desf.). 

 Lvs. smaller, 

 orbicular or 

 broadly ovate; 

 the sweet acorn 



3321. Quercus agrifolia 

 (XM). No. 42. 



is often gathered for food. Var. F6rdii, Nichols. (Q. 

 Fordii, Carr.). Of pyramidal habit with narrower and 

 smaller Ivs. R.H. 1861, pp. 114, 115; 1885, pp. 352, 

 353. Not to be confounded with Q. Fordiana, Hemsl., 

 a Chinese species with chestnut-like Ivs. 



40. virginiana, Mill. (Q. tnrens, Ait.). LIVE OAK. 

 Figs. 3317-3319. Evergreen tree, to 50 or rarely to 

 70 ft., with almost horizontal limbs, forming a wide- 

 spreading head; sometimes shrubby: lys. elliptic or 

 oblong, usually entire, with revolute margin, rarely with 

 a few spiny teeth above the middle, dark green and 

 glossy above, whitish tomentulose beneath, 1-3 in. long: 

 fr. peduncled; acorn ovate, about 1 in. long, embraced 

 about one-third by the cup; scales thin, appressed. 

 Va. to Fla., west to Mex. S.S. 8:394, 395. G.F. 1 :476; 

 5:486, 487; 6:7; 8:235. F.R. 1:643. Gng. 8:1. G.W. 

 9, p. 505. One of the most beautiful of the American 

 oaks and much planted as a shade and avenue tree in 

 the southern states; easily transplanted and of rapid 

 growth; also very valuable as a timber tree. 



41. chrysolepis, Liebm. CALIFORNIA LIVE OAK. 

 MAUL OAK. Fig. 3320. Evergreen tree, to 50, rarely 

 to 100 ft., with wide-spreading head and often pendulous 

 branches: Ivs. short-petioled, oval to oblong-ovate, 

 acute and spiny-toothed or entire, bluish or yellowish 

 green above, glaucous beneath and covered with ful- 

 vous tomentum when young, 1-4 in. long: fr. short- 

 stalked, ripening the second year; acorn ovoid, %-\% 

 in. high, embraced about one-fourth by the shallow cup 

 which is often very thick and densely fulvous-tomen- 

 tose. Ore. to Calif. S.S. 8:398, 399. G.F. 5:127. 

 The most beautiful of the Californian oaks. 



42. agrifdlia, Nee. Figs. 

 3321, 3322 (adapted from 

 Pacific R. R. Report). Similar 

 in habit to the former, some- 

 times shrubby: Ivs. broadly 

 oval to oblong, sinuately spiny- 

 toothed, usually convex, dull 

 green above, light green below, 



Eubescent at first, lJ^-3 in. 

 >ng: fr. usually sessile; acorn 

 conic-ovate, often elongated, 

 to 1J^ in. long, embraced one- 

 fourth to one-third by the cup; scales thin, slightly 

 pubemlous. Calif. S.S. 8:403. F.S. 7, p. 138. 



Subgenus CYCLOBALAXOPSIS. 



43. glauca, Thunb. (Cydobalanopsis glauca, Oerst.). 

 Evergreen tree, to 45 ft. : branchlets glabrous or nearly 



3322. Quercus agrifolia. 

 (XX) 



