QUERCUS 



QUINCE 



2891 



cous and pubescent on the veins beneath, 2J4-3H in. long: nut 

 ovoid-oblong, J^in. long, one-half or less included in the cup. Va. 

 to Fla. and Ala. Q. Mirbeckii, Durand. Allied to Q. lanuginosa. 

 Tree, to 100 ft. : branchlets glabrous or nearly so: Ivs. ovate-oblong, 

 with 9-12 short obtusish teeth on each side, pubescent beneath while 

 young, 4-6 in. long: fr. 1-4 on a stalk ^-\ in. long. N. Afr. G.M. 

 56:139. Q. mongolica, Hort., not Fisch.=Q. lanuginosa.^-^. 

 oblonffi folia, Torr. Evergreen small tree, to 30 ft., with spreading, 

 often contorted branches: allied to Q. undulata. Lvs, ovate to 

 obovate, entire or spiny-toothed, glabrous, bluish green, 1-3 in. 

 long- cup embracing about one-third of the ovate nut. Ariz, to Mex. 

 and W. Texas. S.S. S:388. G.F. 1:140. Q. oxyodon, Miq. Half- 

 evergreen tree, about 30 ft.: Ivs. oblong, acuminate, rounded or 



spik t 



crenate rings, grayish tomentulose. Cent. China, Assam. Var. 

 Fdrgesii, Rehd <fc" Wilson. Lvs. smaller: rings of cup entire. 

 Q. phiUyrseoides, Gray. E%-ergreen tree or shrub, with broadly 

 oval to oblong-oval Ivs., crenately serrate, except at the base, gla- 

 brous, 1-2*2 in. long: cup with appressed scales, small. Japan. 

 S.I.F. 1:31. Q- poniica, Koch. Tree or shrub: Ivs. oblong-oval, 

 serrate, glabrous, glauceseent beneath, 4-6 in. long: cup with ovate- 

 lanceolate scales, inclosing about one-half of the nut. Asia Minor. 

 Gt. 40. p. 510. Hardy. Q. Pseudosuber, SantL Evergreen or half- 

 evergreen tree, allied to Q. Suber: bark less corky: Ivs. more deeply 

 serrate, thinner and less tomentose beneath: cup with recurved 

 scales. Italy, X. Afr. H.W. 2. .p. 82. Q. Pseudoturneri, Schneid 

 Q. Aizqon, Koehne. Q. Turneri, Hort., not Willd Q. austriacs 

 sempervirens. Hort.). Probably hybrid of Q. Ilex and Q. peduncu- 

 lata. Half -evergreen: Ivs. oblong;obovate, acute, cuneate, with 

 about 5 pairs of ascending acutish lobes, somewhat pubescent 

 beneath, midrib yellow, 2-4 in. long: fr. long-stalked. Garden 

 origin. -Q. Psfudotiirneri, Veitch Cat.=Q. Koehnei. Q. pumiia, 

 Walt. (Q. Phellos var. pumiia, Michx. Q. sericea, Willd.). Half- 

 evergreen spreading shrub, to 12 ft., similar to Q. cinerea: Ivs. 

 oblong to linear-oblong, entire or coarsely toothed, tomentulose 

 beneath, glabrous at length: acorn subglobose, J-jin. high; matura- 

 tion annual. X. C. to Fla. S.S. 8:404. Q. Pyrami, Kotschy. 

 Variety of Q. .Egilops, with the Ivs. less deeply and very irregu- 

 larly lobed: cup embracing one-third of the acorn, with the lower 

 scales loosely appressed, the upper ones recurved. Asia Minor. Q. 

 reficulata, Humb. & BonpL Half-evergreen tree, to 30 ft., or shrub: 

 Ivs. oval or obovate, spiny-dentate toward the apex, bluish green, 

 tomentose and reticulate beneath, 1-5 in. long: fr. in slender-stalked 

 spikes; cup with appressed scales. Ariz, and Xew Mex. to Mex, S.S. 

 8:390. Q. rotunda, Hort.=Q. phillyreoides. T -Q. sderophyUa, 

 Hort., not LindL Sometimes Q. Pseudoturneri is cult, under this 

 name. The true Q. sclerophylla, Lindl., belongs to Castanopsis, 

 see C. sclerophylla, below. -Q. sericea, Willd=Q. pumiia. Q. 

 serrata, Thunb. (Q. acutissima, Carruthers). Half-evergreen tree: 

 Ivs. obovate-oblong to oblong, acute, serrate, light green and gla- 

 brous below, 2-8 in. long: fr. sessile; cup with large, spreading and 

 recurved scales, embracing two-thirds of the nut. Korea, Japan. 

 S.I.F. 1:26. Q. Sktnneri, Benth. Tree, to 70 ft.: Ivs. slender- 

 stalked, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sinuately serrate with bristly 

 teeth, glabrous, 3-6 in. long: fr. sessile; acorn subglobose, large. S. 

 Mex.. Guatemala. G.C. 1841:116. Q. sutchuenensi*, Franch.=Q. 

 Engleriana. Q. thaldssiea, Hance=Pasania thalassica. Q. Turn- 

 eri, Willd. Half-evergreen tree: Ivs. oval to elliptic-ovate, rounded 

 at base, with 6-8 pairs of lobes, pubescent at least on the midrib 

 beneath, midrib pale green. Origin unknown. Q. Turneri, Hort.= 

 Q. Pseudoturneri.-^-Q. undulata, Torr. Small tree or shrub: allied 

 to Q. Douglasii: with smaller, less deeply lobed, bluish green Ivs. 

 pubescent below, nut smaller. Colo, to Ariz, and Texas. S.S. 8: 

 385. Q. Lngeri, Kotschy. Variety of Q. .Egilops: Ivs. smaller, 

 lobed: cup with recurved scales, not much shorter than acorn. Asia 

 Minor. Q. Veneris, Kern. Tree: branchlets pubescent: Ivs. sub- 

 coriaceous, broadly oblong, with 6-8 pairs of small acutish teeth, 

 pubescent beneath or nearly glabrous, 1 H~3 in. long: fr. nearly 

 sessile: acorn embraced one-half by the hemispherical cup. 

 Cyprus. Q. Wilzonii, Seemen=Q. cleistocarpa. Q. Wislizenii, DC. 

 Evergreen tree, to 80 ft.: allied to Q. agrifoha: Ivs. ovate to oblong- 

 lanceolate, sinuately dentate or entire, glabrous, yellowish green 

 beneath, 1-5 in. long: acorn embraced about one-half by the cup. 

 Colo, to Calif, and Texas. S.S. 8:406 



.Vote on Castanopsi-g. A recently concluded study of the Chinese 

 oaks has enabled us to name these Chinese species of Castanopsis 

 which had not yet been determined when the article on that genus 

 was written, and has furthermore convinced us that several species 

 usually referred to Pasania or Quercus must be included in Cas- 

 tanopsis. 



The following species of Castanopsis are known to be in cult.: 

 C. ceraiacdntha, Rehd. & Wilson. Tree, to 50 ft. : branchlets densely 

 villous: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 

 obscurely toothed above the middle or entire, brownish villous- 

 tomentose beneath, 4-6 in. long: frs. in stout spikes to 8 in. long, 

 J 4 -l in. across, fulvous-tomentulose, with stout prickles Ji-Jiin. 

 long and divided at the apex into several spreading spiny points; 

 nuts 2-3, wholly inclosed. W. China. C. chrysophyUa, DC., see 

 Vol. II, p. 682. C. euspidata, Schottky (Quercus euspidata, Thunb. 

 Pasania euspidata, Oerst. ). This species is already mentioned under 

 Pasania. see p. 2479. The ovate pointed involucre is marked with 

 4 or 5 wavy concentric ridges of small tubercles and includes wholly 

 the solitary nut. There are two varieties in cult.: var. latifolia, 

 Rehd. & Wilson, with larger and broader Ivs. to 4 J-z in. long and to 

 2)^ in. broad; and var. raritgata, Rehd. <fe Wilson, with small Ivs. 

 bordered by a broad, irregular, creamy white margin. G.C. II. 

 12:233. C. Pdrgesii, Franch. Tree, to 100 ft.: branchlets glabrous: 

 Ivs. elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, acuminate, serrate above the 

 middle, thinly and closely yellowish or grayish tomentulose 



beneath, finally nearly glabrous, 2-5 in. long: frs. in stout spikes 

 to 6 in. long, about fiin. across, with stout, often renexed 

 fascicled spines, about Jiin. long; nut usually solitary, wholly 

 inclosed. Cent. China. C. platyacdntha, Rehd. & Wilson. Tree, to 

 80 ft.: branchlets glabrous: Ivs. ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 

 acuminate, slightly toothed above the middle or entire, covered 

 beneath, except the glabrous midrib, with a close fulvous tomentum, 

 becoming paler the second year, 2H-5 in. long: spikes short, 3-6- 

 fruited: frs. about 1 in. across, grayish tomentulose, densely covered 

 with short and stout fascicled prickles; nuts wholly inclosed, 1-3. 

 W. China. C. sderophyUa, Schottky (Q. sclerophylla, Lindl. Q. 

 chinensis, Abel). Tree, to 60 ft.: Ivs, oval to oblong-ovate or 

 oblong, acuminate, serrate above the middle, glabrous, glaucescent 

 beneath, 2J4-6 in. long: fre. in dense spikes with the peduncle to 

 4 in. long; involucre ovoid, with close concentric ridges of small 

 tubercles, not wholly inclosing the solitary nut. E. and Cent. 



China - ALFRED REHDER. 



QUESNELIA (in honor of M. Quesnel, French 

 Consul at Cayenne). Bromdiacex. Caulescent or 

 acaulescent herbs: Ivs. spiny, in dense tufts: scape 

 erect, nodding or pendulous; infl. spicate; bracts mem- 

 branous or coriaceous, obtuse or acuminate, entire or 

 serrate; fls. sessile, perfect; sepals usually free; petals 

 free, convolute; stamens 6, equaling or a little shorter 

 than the petals. About a dozen species, natives of 

 Guiana and Brazil. 



arvensis, Mez (BiUbergia Quesndiana, Brongn. Q. 

 cayennensis, Baker). Lvs. up to 2H ft- long, 1^ in. 

 wide, armed with stout upturned spines: spike dense, 

 up to 8 in. long, many-fld., the bracts rounded at 

 apex, usually entire; fls. up to 2 in. long; sepals webby 

 below; petals blue above; stamens much shorter than 

 petals. E. Brazil. B.H. 1882:46 (as Q. ru/o). F.S. 

 10:1028. Gt. 1875:834. GEORGE V. NASH. 



QUILLAJA (from QuiHai, the Chilean name, which 

 comes from quittean, to wash: the bark of the tree con- 

 tains saponin, an alkaline compound, which makes it 

 useful as soap). Rosdceae. Glabrous evergreen trees, 

 whose bark is sometimes saponaceous, occasionally 

 grown hi the greenhouse and hardy outdoors in the 

 southern United States. 



~ Leaves sparse, petioled, simple, thick-coriaceous, 

 rather entire; stipules small, deciduous: peduncles 

 axillary and terminal, 3-5-fld.: fls. polygamous-dioa- 

 cious, rather large, tomentose, the lateral male, the 

 central fertile; calyx leathery, persistent, lobes 5, 

 broadly ovate, valvate; petals 5, small, sessile, spatu- 

 late; disk thick, fleshy, 5-lobed; stamens 10; carpels 5: 

 follicles 5, oblong, obtuse, leathery, cohering at their 

 base, many-seeded. About 3 or 4 species, natives of S. 

 Brazil, Chile, and Peru. 



Saponaria, Molina. SOAP-BARK TREE, A large tree: 

 Ivs. 1^-2 in. long, ovate, shining, dentate, short-peti- 

 oled: fls. white, about %in. across, usually terminal, 

 solitary, or in clusters of 3-5 on the same peduncle. 

 Chile. B.M. 7568. Cult, in S. Calif. 



F. TRACY HuBBARD-t 



QUINCE. The fruit and tree of one of the pome 

 class, known as Cydonia dbiUmga (or sometimes as Pyrus 

 Cydonia). 



Few fruits play a more important part in ancient 

 history than the quince, and yet there is hardly a fruit 

 with equal or even poorer merit that in recent years 

 has not received more attention. Scarcely a book is 

 written on the quince and even practical mention of its 

 merits, its culture, or its value is seldom made in the 

 experiment station literature of America. 



Perhaps this is due to the fact that the fruit can 

 hardly be considered in the dessert class except when 

 cooked; and yet it is said that in Persia and the near 

 East it grows to such perfection that some varieties 

 are esteemed when eaten raw. 



The place of the quince in America seems to be a 

 secondary one, to make marmalade, to preserve, to 

 make jellies, and for flavoring purposes. The place of 

 the tree among other fruits seems to be secondary also. 

 It is seen most frequently in back yards and fence-corners 

 and often in the lowest and dampest fruit land on the 



