RANUNCULUS 



RAPE 



2909 



toothed than in the type: plant much taller: fls. larger. 

 B.M. 7266. Gn. 52:262. 



24. polyanthemos, Linn. Perennial: sts. erect, 

 many-fld., spreading, pilose: radical Ivs. broadly ovate- 

 orbicular, palmately 3-5-parted, segms. linear, dentate; 

 petioles spreading, pilose: peduncles sulcate: fls. yellow; 

 sepals villous: achenes prolonged into a very short, 

 somewhat hooked beak. N. and Cent. Eu., Caucasus 

 region. The common form in cult, is var. plenus, 

 Hort., which has a branching infl. of small globular 

 orange fls. 



25. californicus, Benth. Perennial, 6-25 in. high, 

 pubescent or hirsute: sts. rather weak, branching and 

 naked above: Ivs. ternately divided or parted, some 

 pinnately 5-divided, segms. linear or narrow-lanceolate 

 and often 2-3-parted: fls. yellow; sepals closely reflexed; 

 petals 6-15, glossy, oblong or narrowly oboyate, 

 M-^in- long: achenes flattened, only slightly margined, 

 beak short, stout, and closely recurved. Dry ground, 

 Calif, and Ore. The common species of that region. 



26. acris, Linn., also spelled acer by some recent 

 authors. Fig. 3344. Perennial, 8 in. to 3 ft, high: sts. 

 erect, pubescent, many-fld. : radical Ivs. tufted, petioled, 

 palmately 3-7-parted, divisions sessile and cleft; cauline 

 Ivs. similar, petioles shorter and sheathing the st.; 

 uppermost only 3-parted, lobes entire, nearly linear: 

 fls. golden 3'ellow, about 1 in. across; sepals spreading, 

 ovate, villous beneath; petals 5, glabrous, glossy, 

 obovoid, obtuse, bearing a prominent scale at the base, 

 much longer than the sepals : achenes in a globose head, 

 coriaceous on the margins, compressed, beak less than 

 half the length of the body. April-Sept. Eu. and natu- 

 ralized in N. Amer., Newfoundland, Canada and the 

 Atlantic states. B.B. (ed. 2) 2:111. Var. fldre-pleno, 

 Hort. (R. acer fldre-pleno, Hort.), is a double form 

 which is more common hi cult. The most desirable 

 forms are rich glossy golden yellow and very double; 

 known horticulturally as "yeflow bachelor's buttons." 

 B.M. 215. 



27. lanuginosus, Linn. Perennial, villous: sts. tall, 

 erect, many-fld., hairs reflex or spreading, fibrillose at 

 the neck: radical Ivs. broadly orbicular-pentagonal, 

 silky pubescent, 3-parted, divisions broad-obovate, 



acutely trifid 

 and dentate; 

 petioles with 

 hairs reflex or 

 spreading: pe- 

 duncles striate: 

 fls. yellow; 

 sepals spread- 

 ing, villous: 

 achenes piano- 

 compressed, 

 obovate, mar- 

 ginate, beak 

 one - third as 

 long as the 

 body, hooked; 

 receptacle gla- 

 brous. July. 

 Eu. and Cau- 

 casus region. 

 Var. fldre- 

 pleno, Hort., is 

 a double form, 

 which is the one 

 usually cult. 



28. constan- 

 tinopolitanus, 

 Urv. Perennial : 

 sts. erect, re- 

 trorse villous, 

 corymbosely 

 many-fld.: Ivs. 



3343. Ranunculus repens, double-flow- 

 ered. Tip of a decumbent plant, which roots 

 at the joints. ( X 1 A) 



long-petipled, appressed, silky, broadly triangular- 

 ovate, trifid or 3-^parted, divisions ovate, acutely lobed 

 and dentate; petioles retrorse villous: peduncles terete: 

 fls. yellow; sepals reflexed: achenes piano-compressed, 

 suborbicular, marginate, beak one-third to one-fourth 

 as long as the body, coiled to hooked, rising abruptly. 



Turkey. Var. 

 palaestinus, 

 Boiss. (R. 

 palaestinus, 

 Boiss.). Lvs. 

 3-parted, di- 

 visions diver- 

 gent from the 

 base.cuneate- 

 oblong, 2-3- 

 cleft. Pales- 

 tine and 

 Syria. There 

 is a form of this known 

 horticulturally as R. 

 palaestinus otrococcin- 

 eus, with large intense 

 scarlet fls., borne on 

 long peduncles. Pales- 

 tine. 



29. anemonefolius, 

 DC. Perennial, 

 scarcely 1 ft. high : sts. 

 erect, 1-2-fld., some- 

 what fibrillose at the 

 neck otherwise gla- 

 brous below, ap- 

 pressed-pu be scent 

 above : radical Ivs. 

 pubescent , broadly 

 orbiculate, sometimes 

 3 in. diam., 3-parted, 

 divisions cuneate, 

 deeply trifid, segms. 

 acute,dentate ; cauline 

 Ivs. few, divided into 

 linear segms. : fls. large, yellow; peduncles finally striate: 

 young achenes obovate, compressed, beak hooked, one- 

 sixth the length of the body. Asia Minor. 



R. odbneus. Gray, 4-12 in.: shaggy-hairy: sts. more or less 

 decumbent: fls. golden yellow. Colo. R. anemonoides, ZahL, 6 

 in. : fls. white or tinged rose. Austria. Gn. 22:252. J.H. III. 54 : 345. 

 R. aqudiilis, Linn., sometimes called lodewort, ram's foot, etc., 

 is an interesting aquatic plant common in temperate regions, the 

 floating Ivs. often broad and 3-lobed, while the submerged Ivs. are 

 cut up into numerous thread-like segms. R. Arendsii, Hort. (R. 

 amplexicaulis X R. gramineus), has fls. of a soft shade of butter- 

 yellow, fading white, and likes partial shade and a moist situation, 

 according to trade-lists. R. buUatus, Linn., is a yellow-fld. species 

 offered in single and double forms by Dutch bulb-dealers. Medit. 

 region. R. cardiophyttus, Hook., offered in Colo, in 1900, is con- 

 sidered by Gray as R. affinis var. validus. It is an American species 

 pictured in B.M. 2999 with yellow fls. 1 J^ in. across. R. fascicu- 

 Idris, Muhl. Height 1 ft. June. N. Amer. Mn. 2:1. R. Lyallii, 

 Hook, f., the New Zealand water-lily, grows 2-4 ft. high, has peltate 

 Ivs. and waxy white fls. 4 in. across, borne in many-fld. panicles. 

 In Eu. it is considered a cool greenhouse plant. It is a gorgeous 

 species and ought to succeed somewhere in N. Amer. G.C. II. 

 15:724;23:371; III. 51:suppl. June 29. Gn. 67, p. 23; 74, p. 379. 

 R. peddtus, Waldst. & Kit., a native of the Hungarian Alps, has 

 yellow fls. nearly an inch across. R. septentriondlis, Poir., has 

 been listed; a native plant allied to R. repens. R. spectdbilis ple- 

 nus, Hort., has been offered as a dwarf plant with double shining 

 yellow fls. This species is unknown, botanically. R. spied/us, 

 Deaf., is figured in B.M. 4585 with showy 5-petaled yellow fls. fully 

 2 in. across. It is an Algerian species but is said to be perfectly 

 hardy in England and of easy cult, in any good garden soil. J.F. 

 2:148. R. Sitksdorfii, Gray. 4-10 in.: st. slender, 1-3-fld.: fls. 

 deep yellow. Mountains Wash., Ore. and Mont. R. superbtssimus, 

 Hort., is used in some catalogues for the double French ranunculi, 

 known also as R. asiaticus var. superbissimus (No. 7). R. viridi- 

 fldrus, Hort. Van Tubergen, is a scarlet-and-green-fld. variety of 



F. TRACT HUBBARD. 



RAPE (Brassica Napus). Fig. 3345. In recent years 

 rape has become an important forage plant. The name 

 rape includes several varieties which are grown for 

 two purposes: (1) for seed from which oil is expressed; 



3344. Buttercups. Ranunculus acris. 



(Natural size) 



