3356. Perfection raspberry trained to 

 stakes 5 by 5 feet apart. 



2914 RASPBERRY 



Varieties. 



The principal red varieties grown at present are 

 Cuthbert (Fig. 3355). Herbert, King, Marlboro, Ranere 

 (St. Regis), and Perfection (Fig. 3356). Promising new 

 varieties are June, Empire, Sunbeam, and Ohta. Much 

 interest has recently been shown in the fall-bearing 



type represented 

 by the Ranere. 

 Among the black 

 raspberries, the 

 Cumberland, Far- 

 mer, Gregg, and 

 Kansas are the 

 leading varieties. 

 The Golden Queen 

 is the principal 

 yellow sort grown. 

 The Columbian is 

 the principal pur- 

 ple-caned variety 

 at present, al- 

 though the Shaffer 

 (Fig. 3357) and 

 Cardinal are also 

 grown. The Royal 

 is a very promis- 

 ing new purple- 

 caned sort. 



Enemies. 



Among the 

 more serious dis- 

 eases of the rasp- 

 berry are crown- 

 gall, anthracnose, 

 cane -blight, and 

 orange-rust. When plants free from these diseases are set, 

 very little trouble is likely to be experienced later from 

 them. The means of control commonly employed when 

 these diseases are found are eradication and destruc- 

 tion of plants affected by crown-gall and orange-rust, 

 and the cutting out and removing from the field of all 

 canes affected by anthracnose and cane-blight. Cane- 

 borers are considered the most serious insect enemy of 

 the raspberry. The adults lay their eggs in the tips of 

 the canes. When these tips are seen to be withering 

 and drooping, they should be cut off and burned. If 

 the cut is made well below the point of injury, these 

 tips will contain the eggs or young larvae of the borer. 



GEORGE M. DARROW. 



RATHBUNIA (named for Richard Rathbun, 

 Assistant Secretary in charge of U. S. National 

 Museum). Cactdcese. Plants not large, the st. and 

 branches often weak: spines stout, those of the flowering 

 areoles not differing from the others: fls. diurnal, single, 

 only from the upper areoles, very narrow and elongated, 

 at first straight, but in age more or less curved, oblique 

 at throat, scarlet, persistent; petals very short, spread- 

 ing or reflexed; stamens attached near the middle of the 

 tube, exserted: fr. spiny, globular, red, breaking open 

 irregularly; pulp red; seeds black, compressed, minutely 

 pitted, with a large basal oblique hilum. Three species 

 have been described. Native of the west coast of Mex. 

 Ihe species all have rather weak sts., often clambering 

 and resembling somewhat Cereus serpentinus, but usu- 

 ally stouter and with different spines and fls. The fls. 

 are very narrow and scarlet, and more enduring. 



alamosensis, Brit. & Rose (Cereus alamosensis. 

 Coult.). Upright, columnar, about 4 ft. high by 2 in. 

 diam : ribs 7-9; spines numerous, stout; central spines 

 usually 4: fls. from the upper areoles, funnelform, 

 about \ l / 2 in. long, red. W. Mex. 



R. sonorensis, Brit. & Rose, and R. Kfrberi, Brit. & Rose, are 

 sometimes confused with the above, and may be handled under 

 this name in the trade. 



J. N. ROSE. 



RAVENALA 



RAUWOLFIA (named for Leonhart Rauwolf, a phy- 

 sician of Augsburg in the sixteenth century). Apocyna- 

 cex. Trees or shrubs, mostly glabrous, sparingly grown, 

 suitable for the warmhouse and outdoor planting in 

 the far southern parts of the United States. 



Leaves opposite or verticillate, those of a whorl 

 often very unequal: infl. terminal or pseudo-axillary, 

 peduncled, few- or many-fld., compound, umbelliform 

 or corymbose, rarely racemose; fls. small; sepals 5, 

 almost free or united into a flat 5-toothed cup; corolla 

 salver-shaped, lobes 5, twisted and overlapping to the 

 left; disk annular or cup-shaped, entire or slightly lobed; 

 carpels 2, free or more or less coherent: drupes 2, dis- 

 tinct or somewhat united. About 60 species from the 

 tropics of both hemispheres. 



chinensis, Hemsl. A small evergreen shrub, with 

 dark green Ivs., white fls. which are borne in dense 

 terminal trusses, and numerous red berries. China. 

 Intro, into Orange Co., Fla., as an ornamental, where 

 it is semi-hardy, but always sends up strong new shoots 

 in the spring. Requires a light rich soil and plenty of 

 water, with some protection against the sun. Each 

 spring, it should receive fresh rich compost. 



pleiosciadica, K. Schum. A shrub or small tree, up to 

 20 ft. high: Ivs. in whorls of 3 or 4, lanceolate to ellip- 

 tic, 3-7 in. long: fls. in cymes, arranged in umbels, 

 white; corolla-tube 3-3 ^ in. long. Trop. Afr. 



F. TRACY HUBBARD. 



RAVENALA (the name of the plant in Madagascar), 

 Musacese. Musa-like plants becoming 20 to 30 feet 

 high, with a palm-like trunk, cultivated for ornamental 

 uses. 



Leaves exceedingly large, crowded in 2 ranks, thus 

 forming a fan-shaped head of foliage; petioles long, with 

 concave bases scarcely sheathed: scapes or peduncles in 

 the upper axils longer or shorter than the Ivs.: bracts 

 spathe-like, many, boat-shaped, acuminate: fls. many, 

 large, in a spathe or bract; petals long-exserted; sepals 

 free: fr. a 3-valved caps. A genus of 2 species, 1 from 

 Madagascar and the other from Brazil and Guiana. 



A. Lvs. shorter than petioles. 



madagascariensis, J. F. Gmel. TRAVELERS' TREE, 

 so called from the clear watery sap in the large box- 

 like cells of the If.-stalks or caught in the If .-sheaths, 

 and which affords a refreshing drink. Fig. 3358. Lvs. 

 often 30 ft. high, very large, fibrous: fls. white, in 

 spathesabout7in.long. Gng. 5:153. V. 23, p. 136. F.S 

 21:2254. A.F. 12:535. R.H. 1890, p. 152. G.C. III. 

 2:693; 50:460. A.G. 20:870. Cult, in Fla. and S. 



3357. Shaffer raspberry. Rubus neglectus. ( X M) 



