3012 



ROSE 



ROSE 



pose, rotted manure, leaves, straw, pine needles, and 

 the like. All broken roots are removed and the top cut 

 back to three or four buds. Potted plants are started 

 from cuttings taken in August, September, or October, 

 rooted under glass and grown on during fall and winter 

 to a 3- or 4-inch pot, hardened off in a coldframe, and 

 set out when the ground is warm. For Teas and Per- 

 petuals, the potted plants usually give more bloom the 

 first season and are equally good the following years. 

 There is less labor in planting and the potted stock is no 

 more expensive than dormant material. In setting, 

 the plants are removed from the pots with the soil 

 intact, placed a little deeper than the ground-level, and 

 watered. A frequent and serious error is made in setting 



3480. A Rugosa hybrid. Harison's Yellow X R. rugosa. ( XX) 



the plants too close. They must have plenty of room 

 for light and air. The Baby Ramblers should have 

 about 18 inches apart; other dwarf roses about 2 feet; 

 climbers 4 feet. The surface is cultivated a few times, 

 and at the beginning of hot summer weather the ground 

 is given a thorough mulch, preferably of rotted manure. 

 This feature is probably the most important operation 

 in making a success of monthly roses in this region. 

 Cultivation and mulching should be continued each 

 year, and about every fifth season Tea and Perpetual 

 roses should be lifted and reset after the ground has 

 been thoroughly shaped. 



Pruning. 



Roses are pruned in the dormant season, mainly in 

 the early spring, and the method varies somewhat with 

 the different types, as well as individual plants within 

 the types. The severity of the preceding winter often 

 governs the amount of pruning, especially with Teas. 

 Plants are sometimes frozen to the ground unless winter 

 protection is given, when it is necessary to remove 

 practically all of the top. All dead wood should be 

 removed. As a general rule, uninjured plants of Teas 

 should be pruned more severely than others. The 

 stronger the growth the smaller the proportion of wood 

 to be removed. Climbers, rugosa, sweetbrier, and wild 

 roses need only enough to keep the plants in shape and 



to the desired size. In pruning rose-hedges, a special 

 effort should be made to keep the base as full of new 

 growth as possible. H. C. IRISH. 



Roses in California. (Fig. 3481.) 



In many localities in California the rose attains a 

 striking and perhaps unique perfection. That this 

 perfection is not general throughout the state is 

 partially owing to adverse conditions, such as great 

 range of temperature during each twenty-four hours, 

 heavy fogs at critical periods, and the like, but as a 

 rule, failure in whole or in part is due to the lack of intel- 

 ligent treatment. In the present article, the conditions 

 in southern California are specially in mind, but the 

 discussion will apply, in the main, to other parts of the 

 state. 



The chief obstacle to successful rose-culture in Cali- 

 fornia is the attempt to produce blooms every day of 

 the year. Although this practice is quite an impos- 

 sibility with any rose, the evil is still persisted in by 

 ninety-nine in every hundred possessors of a garden. 

 While roses are grown in great profusion in Los Angeles, 

 few, if any, do as well here as in Pasadena, which, 

 although only 9 miles distant, has the advantage of 

 being several hundred feet higher than Los Angeles, and 

 therefore less subject to fog or great range in daily 

 temperature. In some places a certain few roses will 

 produce an astonishingly fine crop of bloom, when but 

 a mile or two distant, with no change of soil and very 

 slight difference in altitude, they will be utterly 

 worthless; while a like number of other varieties 

 will give as good returns as those first mentioned. 

 Many roses do fairly well everywhere, and among 

 these Duchesse de Brabant more nearly produces a 

 continuous crop of blossoms than any other. For this 

 reason it stands in a class by itself and is not consid- 

 ered in the appended list of the best dozen roses for 

 southern California, though every one should grow at 

 least one bush of this variety. Along with the Duchesse 

 might well be placed the Polyantha, Mademoiselle Cecils 

 Brunner, and the climbers Cherokee, Banksia, Ophire 

 (or Gold of Ophir), Beauty of Glazenwood or Fortune's 

 Double Yellow. All these produce most wonderful crops, 

 but none more so than the last mentioned, which in 

 favored regions produces a wealth of flowers simply 

 dazzling to behold. Many well-known Californian 

 writers assert that Gold of Ophir and Beauty of Glazen- 

 wood are one and the same rose, but this is not the case. 

 Gold of Ophir was here for many years before the other 

 made its appearance, and some of the original plants 

 are still growing on many of the homesteads of Los 

 Angeles and vicinity. 



All the roses named thus far are worthy of a place in 

 any garden. One of the chief causes of failure by the 

 average amateur is the lack of an intelligent knowledge 

 of the plant's first requirement recurring periods of 

 absolute rest. These necessary resting-periods are best 

 secured by the withholding of the water-supply. Most 

 amateurs, and a larger part of self-styled "gardeners," 

 persist, against all rules of common sense, in planting 

 roses either in the lawn or in mixed borders with other 

 plants. In either case, all but the roses require a con- 

 stant watering. Having planted in this fashion, the 

 grower has cast away all chances of first-class results. 

 Rose-beds should never be made a feature in landscape 

 gardening, as the plants when dormant and judiciously 

 pruned are unsightly objects at best. The most obscure 

 spot obtainable with the proper exposure is the place 

 to grow flowers. To obtain the best results the rose 

 requires the same amount of rest here that it secures 

 where the winter season leaves the grower no alterna- 

 tive. But the same amount of rest may here be given 

 semi-annually, with equally good and perhaps better 

 results than is possible with one long annual period of 

 inactivity. 



