RUBUS 



RUBUS 



3023 



these canes not only contributes to conserve the vigor 

 of the plant, but it also adds to its appearance of tidi- 

 ness. These remarks apply particularly to the culti- 

 vation of raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries. 

 For other accounts, see Blackberry, Dewberry, Himalaya 

 Berry, Loganberry, Lowberry, and Raspberry, at their 

 respective entries. 



In recent years, many of the Chinese species of 

 Rubus, mostly in the subgenera Malachobatus and 

 Ideobatus, have been introduced to cultivation for 

 ornament, some of them with promise of provid_ing 

 desirable edible fruits. Many of them make long vine- 

 like canes and are excellent for training to posts, pil- 

 lars, on pergolas and arbors. The foliage is often very 

 ornamental and several of them have white or bluish 

 white canes that render them useful for winter effect. 

 Some of the species are evergreen. These oriental 

 rubuses are known in cultivation mostly in England, 

 but are being tested in this country, particularly at the 

 Arnold Arboretum, Boston; at the latter place, none of 

 the species has proved to be perfectly hardy. The fol- 

 lowing species have survived, although mostly much 

 killed back each winter: R. flosculosus, R. Lambertianus, 

 R. lasiostylus, R. Giraldianus, R. mesogaeus, R. innomi- 

 notus, R. odenopkorus; R. conduplicatus and R. teledapos 

 stood the winter of 1915-16. 



The species of Rubus require no special place or care 

 in cultivation except to provide in a general way the 

 conditions as to moisture and exposure under which the 

 plants grow in the wild. They are plants of wide adap- 

 tability. Propagation is by dividing the clumps in some 

 cases, but better by the use of the natural stolons; 

 or if artificial practices must be employed, root-cut- 

 tings 2 or 3 inches long may be used for many species. 

 They are grown readily from seeds. 



INDEX. 



A. Species herbaceous or essentially so, small, the flower- 

 ing shoots arising from the crown of the plant. 



Section I. CHA\LMOKCS. Stamens numerous: fr. 

 juicy: fls. dio?cious, borne singly on upright leafy 

 stalks: Ivs. simple, lobed. The cloudberry or bake- 

 apple-berry of arctic or subarctic regions, and much 

 prized for its frs., belongs here. No. 1. 



Section II. CYLACTIS. Fls. perfect or polygamous, 

 singly or several together at the ends of the shoots: 

 Ivs. ternate or pediform (5-parted), or sometimes only 

 lobed. Nos. 2-6. 



AA. Species shrubby: flowering shoots arising from woody 

 canes of 2 or more years' growth, the plants small or 

 large but usually large. 



B. Plant spineless. 



Section III. DALIBAHDASTRUM. The species here 

 described are prostrate and spineless, woody, brown- 

 hairy: Ivs. simple, evergreen, cordate: fl.-sts. erect, 

 the fls. large and white. No. 7. 



Section IV. ANOPLOBATUS (batus is Greek for bramble). 

 Upright rather soft-wooded shrubs, usually with 

 shreddy bark, large, lobed Ivs., large erect fls., and 

 broad torus. Nos. 8-11. 



BB. Plant spine-bearing (exceptions in some blackberries). 



Section V. MALACHOBATCS. Climbing or prostrate 

 shrubs with entire or palmately lobed seldom com- 

 pound Ivs. and mostly not showy fls.; stipules broad, 

 fugacious. Nos. 12-24. 



Section VI. IDEOBATUS. Raspberries, with the coher- 

 ent drupelets separating from the torus; upright 

 or ascending shrubs, with simple or ternate Ivs., 

 small Ifts., and drooping fls. in mostly short clusters; 

 stipules linear to lanceolate. Nos. 25-55. 



Section VII. EUBATUS. Blackberries and dewberries, 

 with the drupelets adhering to the torus when ripe; 

 stipules linear. Nos. 56-66. 



Section I. CHAiLEMORUS. 



1. Chamaemdrus, Linn. CLOUDBERRY. BAKEAPPLE- 

 BERRY. YELLOW BERRY. MOLKA. SALMONBERRY im- 



Eroperly (see No. 32). Fig. 3487. Creeping: branches 

 erbaceous, covering the ground, pubescent or almost 

 glabrous: Ivs. round-cordate or rentfonn, shaUowly 3-5- 

 lobed, finely dentate: fls. large and white, in solitary 

 terminal peduncles: fr. large, globular, red or yellowish, 

 composed of few soft drupelets, edible. Entirely across 

 the continent in high northern and arctic regions, and 

 reaching as far south, in the E., as the high land of 

 Maine and N. H. and eastern end of L. I.; also in 

 Eu. and Asia. The cloudberry is an inhabitant of peat- 

 bogs and cool places. It is much prized for its fr., which 

 is gathered from the wild in large quantities. It is 

 sometimes planted farther south as a rock-garden plant. 

 R. drcticus, Linn., a pink-fid, species with trifoliolate 

 Ivs., occurs in nearly the same range, and produces small 

 edible berries; this species belongs to Section II. 



Section II. CYLACTIS. 



2. pubescens, Raf. (R. americanus, Brit. R. tri- 

 florus, Rich.). Sts. slender and trailing, 1-2 ft. long, 

 herbaceous, without prickles, glabrous or nearly so: lys. 

 thin and soft, light green, with 3 or 5 ovate or rhombic- 

 ovate, coarsely serrate Ifts. : fls. 1-3 on each peduncle, 

 small and white, the calyx reflexed: fr. small, reddish. 

 Cold swamps, N. J. west and north. Offered as a rock- 

 garden plant for moist places. 



3. pedatus, Smith. Low creeping unarmed herba- 

 ceous coptis-like perennial, rarely cult., probably 

 adapted to cool woods or rock-gardens: Ivs. pedately 

 3-5-foliolate, with thin obovate or rhombic-obovate 

 irregularly cut Ifts. which are glabrous or only sparsely 



