3032 



RUBUS 



RUBUS 



3502. Rubus procumbens, fruiting branch (XM). No. 



lus, Blanchard, is to be placed in this group. R. Bai- 

 leyanus, Brit. (R. villosus var. humifusus, Torr. & Gray). 

 More slender, little prickly: Ifts. mostly broad at base, 

 pubescent beneath: Ivs. or bracts in the infl. simple. 

 Northeastern states. R. arenicolus, Blanchard, is 

 probably to be associated with this. R. Enslenii, 

 Tratt, Nantucket and L. I. southward, on the Coastal 

 Plain and perhaps westward, is a soft-caned weak 

 plant with small loose black fr. that is probably 

 little if at all involved in the origin of the horticultural 

 dewberries. 



BB. The swamp dewberry or running 

 blackberry. 



62. hispidus, Linn. (R. obovalis, 

 Michx. R. sempervirens, Bigel.). Fig. 

 3505. Sts. very slender, scarcely woody 

 but usually persisting over winter, 

 creeping, bearing many weak reflexed 

 small bristles: Ifts. usually 3, thick, 

 shining above, wedge-obovate or oval- 

 obovate, usually obtuse, doubly ser- 

 rate: fls. small, white, on few-fld., her- 

 baceous nearly or 



quite leafless pe- 

 duncles arising from 

 the creeping canes: 

 fr. small and of few 

 drupelets, red to red- 

 black, sour. Swamps 

 or low sandy soils, 

 Nova Scotia to Ga. 

 and Kans. Of no 

 value for fr., but 

 sometimes offered by 

 dealers for covering 

 the ground in moist 

 places. The Ivs. usu- 

 ally persist through 

 the winter, and in 

 sunny places they 

 assume a fine bronzy 

 hue. 



BBB. The southern dewberry or running 

 blackberry. 



63. triviaiis, Michx. SOUTHERN DEWBERRY. A varia- 

 ble and perplexing species, the difficulties being 

 increased by the fact that the same plant may bear 3 

 kinds of Ivs. : the large, broad blackberry-like Ivs. on 

 the young verdurous sterile shoots; the smaller Ivs. on 

 the canes that are to bear fr. and which often persist 

 over winter and remain at flowering-time; the small Ivs. 

 that appear with or somewhat before the fls. It is 

 seldom that the Ivs. of sterile and flowering shoots of 

 the same plant are preserved in herbaria. Canes very long, 

 usually wholly prostrate (sometimes 10-15 ft.), thickly 

 armed with prickles and sometimes bearing reddish 

 bristles: Ifts. usually 3, narrow-ovate to oblong, short- 

 pointed, rather snallowly and sometimes bluntly 

 toothed, the petiole and midribs usually prickly: fls. of 

 medium size, mostly on simple, more or less prickly 



peduncles: fr. usually oblong, sometimes ex- 

 cellent but oftener dry and seedy. From Va. 

 to Fla. and Texas, and in cult, in two or 

 three forms for its fr. This is the common 

 wild dewberry or running blackberry of the 

 southern states, often a serious pest in old 

 fields, ranging as far north as Va. and west 

 to Okla. What are apparently forms of this 

 species have been intro. for cult, for the fr. 

 in the southern states. 



BBBB. The western dewberries, with mostly 

 pubescent Ivs., and fls. often imperfect: 

 species variable. 

 64. vitifdlius, Cham. & Schlecht. (R. ursinus, 

 Cham. & Schlecht. R. ursinus var. vitifdlius, Focke). 

 CALIFORNIA DEWBERRY. Widely trailing evergreen, 

 some of the sts. perhaps erect, with slender prickles: 

 Ifts. 3 or 5, about 2 in. long, ovate, doubly serrate, 

 some of the upper ones simple or lobed, those on 

 the vigorous shoots usually 3-foliolate: fls. white, the 

 petals of staminate fls. about Kin. long and of 

 the pistillate J^in. or less: fr. black, mostly oblong, 

 sweet, the drupelets pubescent. Calif., along streams 

 and moist places. A perplexing species, by some sepa- 

 rated into two: R. vitifoiius, with Ivs. sparingly pubes- 

 cent on both surfaces and glabrate with age, the 

 st. only slightly hairy, fr. distinctly longer than 

 broad, Ivs. on vigorous shoots often unifolio- 

 late; and R. ursinus, Cham. & Schlecht., with st. 

 and Ivs. densely pubescent beneath and fr. only 

 slightly elongate. Certain horticultural dew- 

 berries appear to be of this species, but they 

 are of minor importance. The loganberry (which 

 see, p. 1900) is said to be a hybrid between this 

 species and probably R. idseus, but the botanical 

 origin of it is by no means 

 clear. The Phenomenal is said 

 also to have sprung from R. 

 vitifolius through hybridization 

 (p. 1900). The Mammoth black- 

 berry of California is said to 

 be a cross between R. vitifolius 

 and the wild blackberry of 

 Texas (R. argutusf). See Pacific 

 Rural Press, Sept. 4, 1897, for 

 description and portrait. The 

 account says that the Mammoth 

 "produces berries of immense 

 size, supposed to be the largest 



3503. Rubus invisus, the 

 cultivated form known as 

 Bartel dewberry. (No. 61.) 



3504. Leaf of Rubus invisus, from strong shoot, showing the 

 simple dentation (XH). No. 61. 



