RUBUS 



RUDBECKIA 



3033 



blackberry ever grown, berries 2% in. in length being 

 frequently found. . . . The canes of the Mam- 

 moth are very peculiar, being very large and thickly 

 covered with small, short spines. The canes start early 

 in March, grow thick and stout until about 5 ft. high; 

 they then take on a running habit and grow from 25-30 



ft. in a season. Late in 

 the fall the tips or stolons 

 seek the ground and take 

 root." The Mammoth is 

 partially evergreen in 

 Calif. The fr. is said to 

 be more acid than 

 the old Lawton 

 blackberry, but 

 "when perfectly 

 ripe is sweet and 

 of superior flavor." 



65. macropetalus, 

 Douglas (R. myriacdn- 

 thus, Douglas). By many 

 writers combined with 

 '. R. vitifolius, but differs 

 in its glabrous fr., always 

 ternate Ivs. which are 

 green and sparingly hir- 

 sute on both sides, and 

 larger fls.: it grows in 

 low woods and on 



3505. Swamp dewberry. Rubus ^ ,-, " i r>;/ 



,_ / v i \ <: RO Calif . to Idaho and Brit. 



hispidus ( X YU ^o. oJ. _, . ... 



Col.: sts. trading or 



scandent, slightly hairy or glabrate, with weak prickles, 

 and prickles on the petioles and midveins: terminal 1ft. 

 broad-ovate, subcordate, doubly serrate, often some- 

 what lobed, acute or acuminate; lateral Ifts. ovate: 

 infl. slightly glandular, weak-prickly; fls. white; petals 

 of staminate fls. about H m - long and those of the pistil- 

 late somewhat shorter: fr. half-globular or slightly 

 elongate, black, sweet, about Hin. long. 



BBBBB. The exotic dewberry, with long prickly glaucous 



canes and large very sharp-toothed Ifts. 

 66. dumetdrum, Weihe. Fig. 3506. Canes long and 

 slender, terete, often 10-25 ft. long, trailing or half- 

 prostrate, glaucous, thickly beset with rather small 

 somewhat curved spines: Ifts. usually 3, mostly broad- 

 ovate pointed to acuminate, irregularly sharp-toothed, 

 becoming bronzy and brown hi autumn: fls. small, 

 white, the calyx white-tomentose, on short pedicels in 

 a cluster terminating leafy growths of the season: fr. 

 of a few large black drupelets. Eu. Intro, for the cov- 

 ering of banks and stony places, for which it is highly 

 recommended. Its autumn color is attractive. Hardy 

 in New England. L. jj. g. 



RUDBECKIA (after the two Professors 

 Rudbeck, father and son). Compdsitae. COXE- 

 F LOWER. Very attractive summer-blooming 

 perennials or biennials, usually with yellow 

 flowers. 



Leaves usually alternate, the blades un- 

 divided or in some species much cut, as in the 

 common Golden Glow: fls. both tubular and 

 ray-like, the former usually purplish, the latter 

 always yellow; involucre hemispheric, its 

 bracts imbricated in 2-4 series; receptacle 

 conic or very rarely convex, with chaffy con- 

 cave scales subtending the disk-fls. ; disk-fls. 

 perfect, fertile, their corollas 5-lobed: achenes 

 4-angled, obtuse or truncate at the apex; 

 pappus none or of 2-4 short teeth. There 

 are about 31 species, not counting Echi- 

 nacea, all of N. Amer. Of these scarcely a 

 dozen are of horticultural importance. Under 

 Rudbeckia are often included in nursery 



catalogues certain plants here referred to Echinacea 

 and Lepachys. These three genera form an interest- 

 ing floripultural group. Rudbeckia and Lepachys 

 are typically yeflow-fld. genera, while Echinacea 

 is predominately rose-purple-fld. The chaff of the 

 receptacle is usually persistent in Rudbeckia and 

 deciduous in Lepachys. Among the hardy herbaceous 

 species, there are several with striking habit and dis- 

 tinct foliage. There is a wide range of color in the rays 

 of wild plants and many new races are yet to be per- 

 petuated. Some of these with variations in the shape, 

 color, length, color of disk-fls., and so on may serve 

 as the basis of many fine forms. The season of bloom 

 could doubtless be extended. The only full double 

 form, apparently, is the Golden Glow, one of the best 

 perennials of recent intro. Its origin is uncertain, but 

 it appears to be a form of R. lociniota. About 

 1894 John Lewis Childs found it among some plants 

 sent by correspondents. See Gng. 6:370. For struct- 

 ure of the Rudbeckia inflorescence or head, see Vol. 

 Ill, Fig. 1535. 



The cone-flowers are of easy cultivation in almost any 

 soil and situation, from a semi-shady position to one in 

 full sun. Most of the species are found inhabiting 

 moist locations, but thrive well in the garden under the 

 ordinary methods of cultivation, although R. laciniata 

 and its double form, Golden Glow, do much better if 

 abundantly supplied with moisture. R. hirta, the 

 black-eyed Susan, sometimes called by the children 

 out West "nigger-heads," will thrive in the driest 

 hottest situation, where many others would fail. The 

 best known as a garden plant, and probably the show- 

 iest, is Golden Glow. If cut back severely when 

 through blooming and well watered, it often produces 

 a second crop of flowers. Autumn Glory will be well 

 liked when better known. It is fine for massing and 

 has a much longer blooming period than Golden Glow, 

 commencing earlier and continuing until frost. It 

 resembles R. nitida, an improved form of which, 

 known as Autumn Sun, with bright primrose-yellow 

 flowers, is a splendid acquisition. It grows 5 to 6 feet 

 high, blooming from August to October. R. triloba 

 is one of the very best, and, while a biennial, perpetu- 

 ates itself through self-sown plants. It forms a dense 

 twiggy bush somewhat over 3 feet high and nearly as 

 broad if kept moderately well watered, and much 

 smaller if in a dry situation. These plants may be 

 used with effect as a border to a large bed of hybrid 

 delphiniums, as the latter will tower above them and 

 bloom in their young state. By the tune the delphin- 

 iums are cut down for then- second flowering, the rud- 

 beckias hide their untidiness and are in their prime. 

 The flowers are somewhat like those of the ordinary field 

 black-eyed Susan, but smaller, and much more numer- 

 ous. While doing best in full sun, they also do remark- 



506. Rubus dumetorum, an Old- World dewberry 



No. 66. 



