SABAL 



SACCHARUM 



3045 



rather shortly cleft at the apex, about 3 ft. long by 1 ^ 

 in. broad, acuminate, pointed: fruiting spadices pend- 

 ent, about 6 ft. long, forming a very dense panicle: 

 spathe tubular-funnelform, striate, obliquely truncate: 

 fr. black, shining, globose. Habitat unknown; cult, in 

 S. Calif. Resembles S. Blackbumiana. 



AA. Trunk none or creeping. 



glabra, Sarg. (S. Addnsonii, Guerns. S. minus or 

 nunor, Pers. Corypha minor, Jacq. not Linn.). DWARF 

 PALMETTO. BLCE PALM. Fig. 3517. St. short, buried 

 in the earth so that the palm appears stemless: Ivs. 2-3 

 ft. long; blade circular in its outline, somewhat longer 

 than the petiole, glaucous; segms. slightly cleft at the 

 apex: spadix erect, much longer than the Ivs., 3-6 ft.: 

 drupe }in. thick, black. Southern states. B.M. 1434. 

 Often cult, outdoors in the southern states. There 

 are different forms, apparently unknown to the trade. 



megacarpa, Small (S. Etbnia, Swingle). SCRUB 

 PALMETTO. Low shrub, the sts. elongated, creeping, and 

 contorted: Ivs. standing 4-5 ft. high, the sharp-edged 

 petioles exceeding the nearly orbicular blades which are 

 1J^-2J^ ft. across, deeply cleft at apex and segms., 

 longer than body, filamentose: infl. 2-2 ^ ft- long, 

 ascending but becoming prostrate, branching: perianth 

 yellowish white: fr. nearly globose, K~M m - diam. Fla. 



The following are mostly trade names, but at present they can 

 be only imperfectly described: S. cseruliscens. Bull. A native of Col- 

 ombia intro. in 1875. Apparently only the juvenile state has been 

 described. Lvs. elongate, linear-lanceolate, plicate, with a bluish or 

 glaucous green color which is very strongly marked on the under 

 surface. Xehrling writes that he cannot distinguish at present his 

 specimens of S. cserulescens from S. glaucescens. S. dealbata, 

 Hort. "This species," writes Xehrling, "reminds one of S. Mocinii, 

 although it is smaller in all its parts. The Ivs. are numerous, glau- 

 cous green and of a fine fan-shaped form. Compared with the sabals 

 that form a trunk, these stemless species have little beauty, 

 though they look well as foliage plants in company with Cycas 

 revoluta and Dioon edule." The name "dealbata" means whitened, 

 but it app.ears to be unrecognized in botanical literature in con- 

 nection with Sabal. S. Ghiesbrechiii, Hort., is S. Palmetto, at least 

 so far as some gardens are concerned, but Beccari considers it an 

 European name applied to cult, plants of S. Palmetto. S. glauca, 

 Hort. Pitcher & Manda, 1895, may possibly be meant for S. 

 glaucescens. S. haranensis, Lodd., according to Xehrling, "is a 

 more upright grower than S. Blackburniana, has a slender st. and 

 the If.-stalks are longer and thinner. The Ivs. have a bluish green 

 color while young, changing to a fine dark green when they get 

 older." Habitat unknown and the name has no botanical standing. 

 S. Hodgendorpii, Hort., is Livistona Hoogendorpii- S. jatdnica, 

 Hort., Pitcher & Manda, is possibly meant for S. havanensis, since 

 Sabal is an American genus and is not known in Java. S. longifdlia, 

 Hort., according to Xehrling "has very numerous, long and slender 

 Ivs. which are bright green above and silvery below." S. longi- 

 pedunculata, Hort., according to Xehrling, "is a stemless plant 

 with smaller Ivs. than those of S. Mocinii and very long and 

 slender stalks." Reasoner adds that the Ivs. are glaucous green. 

 The last two are known only by these trade names, and are not 

 certainly referable to any maintained species. L H B t 



SABATIA (named after Liberatus Sabbati, an Italian 

 botanist of the eighteenth century)) also spelled Sab- 

 batia. Gentianacese . Hardy annual or biennial (rarely 

 perennial by stolons) herbs, making showy garden or 

 border plants, although little grown. 



Leaves opposite, sessile or clasping: fls. showy, rose- 

 pink or -purple or white, in cymose panicles terminating 

 the branches; calyx 5-12-parted, the lobes slender; 

 corolla rotate, 5-12-parted, usually with a yellow eye: 

 caps, globose or ovoid, 2-valved. About 18 or 20 

 species, N. Amer. and Cuba, mostly on the coastal 

 plain. Sabatias require a light sweet soil. Seed may 

 be sown in fall or early spring. The plants are easily 

 transplanted. Some of them grow in brackish places. 



A. Fls. 5-parted, rarely 6-7-parted. 



brachiata, Ell. St. slightly angled, 1-2 ft. high: Ivs. 

 linear to linear-oblong, obtuse, obscurely 3-nerved at 

 the base: fls. showy, light rose to white, 1-1 J^ in. across, 

 in thyrsiform panicles, the lateral peduncles bearing 

 usually 3-fld. cymes; calyx-lobes linear, shorter or nearly 

 equaling corolla. Ind. to N. C. and south. 



lanceolata, Torr. & Gray. St. simple, 1-3 ft. high: 

 Ivs. about 1 in. long, shorter than internodes, ovate- 



lanceolate or ovate, acute, 3-5-nerved, the floral re- 

 duced to subulate bracts: fls. about 1 in. across, white, 

 fading yellowish; calyx-lobe more than half length of 

 corolla. May-Sept. Pine-barrens, N. J. to Fla. 



angularis, Pursh. St. somewhat 4-wing-angled, 

 1^-2 ft. high: Ivs. ovate, 3-5-nerved: fls. fragrant, 

 showy, light rose to white, 1-2 in. across, in much- 

 branched pyramidal or somewhat corymbose cymes; 

 calyx-lobes linear, much shorter than the corolla. 

 Rich, light soil in open fields. W. Canada to Fla. 



AA. Fls. 8-12-parted. 



dodecandra, BSP. (S. chloroides, Pursh). Apparently 

 perennial, usually in brackish marshes near the coast 

 from Long Island southward: to 2 ft. high: Ivs. oblong 

 to oblong-lanceolate, blunt or somewhat acute: calyx- 

 lobes herbaceous, 3-5-nerved; corolla rose-colored or 

 white with yellow spot at base of each oblong-spatulate 

 or oblanceolate segm. S. Kennedyana, Fern., is the 

 New England representative, of fresh pond-shores, 

 earlier-flowering: freely stoloniferous, to 2H ft.: basal 

 Ivs. oblanceolate-acuminate; st.-lvs. shorter, firm, lance- 

 acuminate and subulate: calyx-lobes not herbaceous, 

 linear-subulate; corolla-lobes cuneate-obovate, rounded 

 or emargmate at summit, with much broader yellow 

 8 P t - L. H. B.f 



SABIA (from its Bengal name, Sabja-lat). Sabidcese. 

 A genus of about 20 species of woody vines or sarmen- 

 tose shrubs native to India, China, and Japan, with 

 alternate petioled entire deciduous Ivs. and axillary, 

 solitary, or cymose, rather small and dull-colored, 

 greenish, purplish, brownish, or yellow fls. followed by 

 small blue drupe-like frs. Fls. perfect, 5-, rarely 4- 

 merous; petals short, semi-orbicular to ovate; petals 

 oval to oblong; stamens shorter than petals; ovary 

 superior, 2-ceUed, each cell with 2 ovules: drupes 

 usually reniform, blue, solitary or 2 and slightly coher- 

 ing at the base, 1-seeded; stone reticulate. Only the 

 following recently intro. species is in cult., but little is 

 yet known of its cultural requirements; at the Arnold 

 Arboretum it is growing well under ordinary conditions 

 and has proved hardy. Prop, is by seeds and probably 

 by cuttings. S. Schumanniana, Diels. Climbing shrub, 

 to 10 ft., glabrous: branchlets green: Ivs. petioled, 

 oblong-lanceolate, rarely elliptic, acuminate, broadly 

 cuneate at the base, bright green, reticulate beneath, 

 H-4 in. long: fls. greenish to greenish-purple, cup- 

 shaped, 3^in. across, ia slender-stalked, nodding, 

 usually few-fld. cymes; peduncle filiform, 1-1^ in. 

 long: fr. reniform, M m - broad; stone slightly com- 



Eressed, reticulate. W. China. The drooping blue 

 s., if freely produced under cult., apparently constitute 

 the chief ornamental feature of this species. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



SACCHARUM (saccharon, old Greek name for sugar). 

 Graminex. The sugar-cane group, little grown for 

 ornament, although making bold specimens. 



Tall grasses with stout culm and ample panicles, the 

 branches many-jointed: spikelets small, slender, 1-fld., 

 surrounded by long silky hairs. Species 12, in tropical 

 regions, mostly of the Old World. Differs from Erian- 

 thus in having awnless spikelets. The most important 

 species is the sugar-cane, which is extensively cult, 

 in tropical and subtropical countries for the production 

 of sugar. Prop, by cuttings of the st. Native coun- 

 try unknown, but probably E. Asia. Cult, from time 

 immemorial by cuttings, for which reason many varieties 

 have lost the power to flower or at least to produce fertile 

 seed. Rum is produced from the fermented molasses. 



officinarum, Linn. SUGAR-CANE. St. 8-20 ft. high, 

 1-2 in. thick. Dept. Agric., Div. Agrost., Bull. 20:18. 

 G.W. 8:261 (under the name S. officinale) . The differ- 

 ent cult, varieties are distinguished by color and 

 height of st. 



