SACCOLABIUM 



SAGE 



3047 



S. btllinum, Reichb. f. Sts. short: Ivs. 7-12 in. long.: fls. fleshy, 

 1 ! 4 in. across; sepals and petals spreading, somewhat incurved, 

 similar, obovate-oblong, yellow, blackish-purple-blotched; h'p sub- 

 globose saccate and with a lunate blade, the former white, purple- 

 spotted, the blade 2-lobed, pubescent above, fimbriate-denticulate, 

 white, with the disk orange-yellow, purple-spotted. Burma. G.C. 

 III. 39:419. J.H. III. 48:423. S. Blumei, LinoU.=Rhynchostylis 

 retusa. S. datypdgon, LindL Allied to S. bellinum. Sepals and 

 petals yellow: lip white with purple markings. Nepal. S. fragrant, 

 Par. & Reichb. f. Fls. numerous, white, violet-scented; Up mauve- 

 purple. Burma. -5. F&rslenbergianum, Schlecht, InfL branched ; fls. 

 rose-red with paler spur and white column. Siam. O. 1912:68. 

 S. giganteum, LindL=Vanda densiflora, S. glomeratum, Rolfe. 

 St*. trailing, often 1-3 ft. long: racemes densely many-fld.; fls. small, 

 yellow, spotted and striped with brownish red. Borneo. G.C. III. 

 &i:317. 5. grdciU, Lindl. "A very elegant little species, with 

 slender growths and long decurved racemes of many small white fls." 

 Ceylon. S. guttaium. Lindl.=Rhynchostylis retusa. S. Harrisoni- 

 anum, Hook.=Rhvnehostylis violacea var. Harrisonianuni. S. 

 Uldttre, Hon., probably =Vanda densiflora var. illustre. S. penan~ 

 giarium. Hook. f. A small plant, only a few inches high: fls. with 

 light yellow sepals; side lobes of lip and wings of column narrowly 

 margined with purple. Malay Penins. P. jJatyadcaratum, Rolfe. 

 Dwarf herb: 6s. very small, with sepals and petals yellow, spotted 

 with brown. Burma. S. prarm<5r*um, LindL =Rhynchosty Us 

 retusa. S. Regnieri, Hort, Plant smaU: fls. in short racemes, 

 orange-colored. S. reiusum, Voight=Rhj-nchostyUs retusa. S. 

 Kheedii. Wight=Rhynchostylis retusa. S. rubescens, Rolfe. Sts. a 

 foot tall: Ivs. oblong, 5-6 in. long, 1-1 H in. broad: racemes 3-^5 in. 

 long, many-fld. ; fls. Hm. long, light rosy purple; dorsal sepal elUptic, 

 obtuse, Jiin. long, lateral sepals ovate; petals elliptic, obtuse, >iin. 

 long: lip 3-lobed. Annam. B.M. 8121. S. sarcochibridts, Schlecht. 

 Racemes spreading, short: fls. small, lasting only a day, white; sepals 

 and petals with violet-red spots on base; Up with orange-yellow side 

 lobes. Philippines. S. riolaceum, Reichb. f.=Rhynchostylis vio- 



GEORGE V. 



SACCOLOMA (from Greek for sac and edge, refer- 

 ring to the indusia). Polypodiacex. A group of tropical 

 ferns, somewhat related to Davallia. They are pin- 

 nately divided, often of large size, and with scaly 

 petioles; petioles and pinnae not jointed to their points 

 of attachment: indusia attached along one side at 

 the base. 



inaequale, Mett. (DavaUia brasiliensis, Hook.). A 

 large stove fern with creeping rootstock: Ivs. as much 

 as 6 ft. long, twice-pinnate or more. Common in the 

 American tropics. R. C. BENEDICT. 



SADLERIA (named after Joseph Sadler). Poly- 

 podiacex. Arborescent ferns suitable only for the warm- 

 house: about 3-4 }- ft. tall: lys. large, tufted, double- 

 pinnate, all similar: sori continuous, close to the mid- 

 rib on each side: receptacle elevated; the involucre nar- 

 row, of the form of sorus, leathery, at first wrapped over 

 the sorus, later spreading. About 5 species, Hawaiian 

 Isl. S. cyaihemdes, Kaulf. About 3-4 ft. high: the 

 stipe strong, erect, 6-18 in. long, naked except at the 

 base and there clothed with long-linear scales: fronds 

 4-6 ft. long, 9-18 in. broad; pinna? 8-12 in. long, 

 Yr-%J&- broad, cut down to the rachis into very many, 

 connected, linear pinnules, ^g-^iin. long, acute or 

 bluntish. Hawaii. G.C. U. 7:761. G.Z. 22, p. 122. 



SAGE (Sali'ia officinalis). A sweet-herb, used for 

 seasoning, and somewhat in domestic medicine. 



For at least three centuries this shrubby fibrous- 

 rooted perennial from southern Europe has been widely 

 cultivated in kitchen-gardens for its aromatic whitish 

 green wrinkled oval leaves. These are arranged oppo- 

 sitely on ascending or decumbent branching stems which 

 seldom exceed 18 inches in height. In early summer the 

 upper parts of these bear generally blue, though some- 

 times pink or white flowers, followed by almost black 

 spheroidal seeds borne in the open cups. The name 

 Salvia is derived from salvo, to save, in reference to the 

 plant's use in ancient medicine; the name sage, from 

 its supposed power to make people wise by strengthen- 

 ing the memory. In modern medicine it is but little 

 used. In domestic practice, however, it is credited with 

 tonic, sudorific, carminative, anthelmintic, and sto- 

 machic properties, and is frequently used as a gargle 

 for aphthous affections of the mouth and pharynx. 

 Its pleasant, though powerful-smelling, bitterish leaves 

 are used for flavoring sausages and some kinds of cheese, 



for seasoning soups and stews, but mainly for dressings 

 with luscious strong meats such as pork, goose, and 

 duck. Among culinary herbs it ranks first in America, 

 being more widely cultivated than any other except 

 parsley, which is more largely employed for garnishing 

 than as a flavoring agent. When possible the young 

 leaves should be used fresh, for unless carefully dried 

 they lose much of their aroma, which is due to a vola- 

 tile oil and which even with careful curing rapidly dissi- 

 pates. For best results the shoots should be gathered 

 before flower-stems develop, because they are then 

 richer and because later cuttings may be made. For 

 drying upon a commercial scale, since this plan is 

 thought to involve too much labor, the plants are cut in 

 August if seed has been sown early, and the stumps, if 

 not too short, produce again in late autumn; or if grown 

 as a secondary crop, which is the common way, they are 

 cut only once namely, in autumn. Plants grown from 

 cuttings (see below) will often produce three crops in a 

 season. Upon a small scale, a warm airy room is best 

 for drying, the plants being either laid loosely upon 

 racks or the floor, or hung from the ceiling and walls. 

 Upon a larger scale, a fruit-evaporator with a steady 

 current of warm air at about 100 F. may be used. After 

 drying, the leaves are rubbed to a powder and stored 

 in air-tight vessels. 



Sage does best in an open sunny aspect and a well- 

 drained mellow loam of medium texture, rich in humus 

 and nitrogenous matter. Stable-manure or a fertilizer 

 containing potash, phosphoric acid, and nitrogen should 

 be applied before the plowing, if done in the spring. 

 Fall plowing is generally preferred when sage alone is 

 to occupy the land. In each case plowing should be as 

 deep as the surface soil will profitably permit. Thor- 

 ough fining of the soil must precede, and clean cultiva- 

 tion follow planting, the plants being set in drills about 

 15 inches apart and 10 inches asunder for manual culti- 

 vation, or 18 to 21 inches apart and 10 inches 

 asunder for power cultivation. The former method 

 is, as a rule, more profitable though more laborious. 

 After harvesting (see above) if the bed is to be 

 permanent, northern plantations should be mulched 

 with marsh-hay or other material free from weed 

 seeds. For garden practice it is common to divide 

 the clumps biennially, since the plants become strag- 

 gling if left longer. Upon a commercial scale, however, 

 it is better to rely upon cuttings or seedlings. 



Propagation may be by seed, cuttings, layers, or 

 division. Seed, the vitality of which lasts three years, 

 maj' be drilled thinly in flats in greenhouse, hotbed, or 

 coldframe in early spring; or out-of-doors as soon as the 

 ground becomes dry enough, in specially prepared beds 

 of fine soil, covering them about H inch deep. In the 

 former case the plants must be pricked out and hard- 

 ened off to render them stocky and hardy before trans- 

 Slanting; in the latter, they are taken directly to the 

 eld. This operation may be performed from mid-June 

 until late July, the plants being not less than 2 to 3 

 inches tall. The former method, which is considered the 

 better, is the common commercial practice. Cuttings 

 may be of mature or of immature wood. With each, 

 shade and moisture are essential to success. Mature 

 wood cuttings, made in early spring, should be ready 

 for the field in less than six weeks; immature, taken 

 from outside shoots just before they would form blos- 

 som-heads, are left in the cutting-bed until the fol- 

 lowing year. Such plants are usually more prolific 

 than those grown from mature wood or from spring 

 seedlings, and are, therefore, best when sage alone is 

 to occupy the land. But when it is to follow some early 

 vegetable, mature wood cuttings or seedling plants will 

 probably be found best, though little or nothing can be 

 cut before September. As practised by market-garden- 

 ers in the vicinity of New York, each of the above 

 methods has its advocates, but practically all agree upon 

 the plowing and harrowing of the ground in June or 



