3068 



SAMBUCUS 



SAMPHIRE 



form and var. neo-mexicana have proved hardy as far 

 north as Mass. 



BB. Berries red, rarely yellow: pith light brown: cymes 

 convex or paniculate. 



4. racemdsa, Linn. RED-BERRIED ELDER. Shrub, to 

 12 ft.: branches light brown; young branchlets gla- 

 brous or nearly so, 2-3 J^ in. long: infl. ovate or oblong, 

 dense: Ifts. 5-7, ovate or elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 

 glabrous, 2-3 in. long: fls. yellowish white: fr. scarlet, 

 %in. across, 3-seeded; nutlets yellowish white, minutely 

 rugose. April, May; fr. in June, July. Eu. to E. 

 Asia. H.W. 3, p. 133. R.F.G. 12:781. Var. nana, 

 Carr. Dwarf compact form. Var. plumosa, Carr. Lfts. 

 incisely serrate to about the middle, teeth long and 



3543. Sambucus canadensis. 



narrow, purplish when unfolding. Var. plumdso-attrea 

 Weezelenburg (var. serratifdlia aiirea, Barbier). Foli- 

 age like that of the preceding form, but golden yellow. 

 Var. ornata, Carr. (var. pteridifolia, Carr.). The first 

 Ivs. of the shoot are like those of var. plumosa, the later 

 ones more finely dissected like var. laciniata. Var. 

 laciniata, W. Koch (var. serratifdlia, Hort.). Lfts. 

 regularly and deeply dissected, green when unfolding. 

 R.F.G. 12:781. Var. tenuifdlia, Carr. Lvs. finely and 

 deeply dissected with very narrow segms., purplish 

 when unfolding. Var. purpfcrea, Sweet (S. rosiflora, 

 Carr.). Fls. purplish or pink outside, purple in bud. 

 G. 3 : 175. Var. flavescens, Sweet (var. xanthocdrpa, 

 Zabel). Fr. yellow with orange cheek. M.D. 1909:8, 

 fig. 6. This species, like the following, is not conspicu- 

 ous in bloom, but the clusters of scarlet fr. are very 

 attractive in June and July. The cut-leaved forms are 

 very graceful. 



5. pubens, Michx. (S. pubescens, Pers. S. racemosa 

 var. pubens, Koehne. S. racembsa var. pubescens, Dipp., 

 not Miq.). Shrub, to 12 or sometimes to 25 ft. : branch- 



lets and Ivs. on both sides finely pubescent while young, 

 sometimes nearly glabrous at maturity; Ifts. 5-7, ovate- 

 oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute, serrate, pubescent 

 beneath, rarely nearly glabrous: infl. ovate or pyram- 

 idal, looser and broader at the base than that of the 

 preceding species, to 4 in. long: berries scarlet; nutlets 

 minutely rugose. May: fr. in June, July. New Bruns. 

 to Alaska, south to Ga., Colo, and Brit. Col. B.B. (ed. 

 2) 3:268. Var. dissecta, Brit. (S. racembsa var. lacini- 

 ata, Rob. & Fern., not W. Koch). Lfts. deeply and 

 regularly dissected. Var. leucocarpa, Bernh. (var. 

 albicdcca, Brit. Var. xanthocdrpa, Cock.). Fr. whitish 

 or amber-yellow. Var. arborescens, Dipp. Tree-like; 

 less pubescent. 



AA. St. herbaceous: plant stoloniferous: cymes flat: fr. red. 



6. Schweriniana, Rehd. Herbaceous or suffruticose, 

 stoloniferous, glabrous, 3-5 ft.: Ifts. 5-7, oblong-lanceo- 

 late, the lower ones short -stalked, the upper ones adnate 

 and decurrent, acuminate, very unequal at the base, 

 serrate, 3-5 in. long: cymes flat, long-stalked, 5-rayed. 

 puberulous: fr. salmon-red, 3-seeded, Kin. thick, 

 nutlets broadly ovoid, smooth. W. China. Hand- 

 some with its clusters of bright red fruit; it spreads 

 rapidly by suckers and may become a weed difficult to 

 eradicate, therefore it should not be planted where it is 

 likely to become troublesome. 



S. callicdrpa, Greene (S. leiosperma, Leiberg. S. racemosa var 

 calliearpa, Jepson). Allied to S. pubens: shrub to 10 ft.: Ifts. oblong 

 to lanceolate, pubescent on the veins beneath while young: infL 

 broadly pyramidal or hemispherical : nutlets smooth. Alaska to Calif . 

 Japan. M.D. 1909:8, fig. 5. G.F. 10:175. Mn. 2:21 (as S. pubens). 

 S. chinensis, Lindl.=S. javanica. S. fibulus. Linn. Herbaceous, 

 stoloniferous, to 5 ft.: Ifts. 5-9, elliptic-lanceolate, serrate, pubes- 

 cent; stipules large: cymes flat, 3-rayed; fls. white or pinkish, anthers 

 purple, fragrant: fr. black, J4in. across. Eu., Afr., W. Asia. R.F.G. 

 12:779. S.E.B. 4:638. S. Fontenaysii, Carr. (S. cserulea X S. 

 nigra). Intermediate between the parents: Ivs. bluish green: cymes 

 large: fr. black, bloomy. Garden origin. S. javanica, Reinw. (S. 

 chinensis, Lindj. S. Thunbergiana, Blume). Suffruticose, to 6 ft.: 

 Ifts. 5-7, elliptic-lanceolate, the upper ones sometimes decurrent, 

 long-acuminate, sparingly pubescent while young, to 8 in. long: 

 cymes flat, 5-6 in. across, with scattered large aborted fleshy fls. : fr. 

 ovoid, red. Japan, China to Malay Archipelago. S. leiosperma, Lei- 

 berg=S. calliearpa. S. melanocdrpa, Gray. Allied to S. pubens. 

 Shrub, to 12 ft.: Ifts. oblong-lanceolate, pubescent beneath while 

 young, 4-5 in. long: infl. ovate: fr. Min. thick, black, rarely reddish 

 brown. Brit. Col. to Calif. G.F. 10:135. M.D. 1909:8, fig. 4. I.T. 

 5:173. S. mexicana, D.C. (S. canadensis var. mexicana, Sarg.). 

 Tree, to 30 ft.: Ivs. 5-9-foliolate, sometimes bipinnate; Ifts. ovate- 

 lanceolate, long-acuminate, pubescent on both sides while young, 

 later only below, 2-6 in. long: cymes flat, 6-8 in. across: fr. nearly 

 black, ribbed, J4in. across. W. Texas to S. Calif., Mex. 8.8.5:221. 

 In Mex. planted sometimes near houses as a shade-tree and for its fr. 

 S. microbotrys, Rydb. Allied to S. pubens. Shrub, to 6 ft., glabrous 

 Ifts. ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, to 5 in. long: infl. small 

 nearly hemispherical, about 2 in. long: fr. scarlet. Calif, to Colo, ano 

 Nev. S. Sieboldiana, Graebn. (S. racemosa var. Sieboldiana 

 Miq.). Closely related to S. racemosa: Ifts. oblong-ovate to lanceo- 

 late, smooth, not rugulose above, more finely serrate, to 4 or occa- 

 sionally to 8 in. long: fls. and frs. smaller. Japan, China. S.I.F. 2 : 74 

 (as S. racemosa). S. Slmpsonii, Rehd. Allied to S. canadensis. 

 Small tree, to 15 ft., with deeply furrowed bark: Ifts. usually 5. 

 elliptic to elliptic-oblong, lustrous above, glabrous, 1 J--3 in. long 

 cymes with 4 or 5 rays, the central ray as long or longer than the 

 lateral rays: ovary 5-celled. Fla. S.T.S. 2:175. S. Thunbergiana, 

 Blume=S. javanica. The plant cult, under this name is S. racemosa 

 or possibly sometimes S. Sieboldiana. AL FRED R EHD ER. 



SAMPHIRE (Crithmum maritimum, which see) is 

 the name corrupted from sampier, itself a corruption of 

 the French Saint Pierre (St. Peter), given to a succulent- 

 stemmed half-hardy perennial, well known as sea-fen- 

 nel, parsley-pert, and St. Peter's herb upon rocky coasts 

 above high tide in Great Britain. It belongs to the 

 family Umbelliferae. The plants, which attain a height 

 of 1 to 2 feet, have somewhat linear glaucous-green 

 fleshy leaves, J^ inch long, small white or yellowish 

 flowers, which appear in umbels during July, and 

 oblong yellowish fennel-like smallish seeds of light 

 weight, which ripen in early autumn and lose their 

 germinating power within a year. For more than three 

 centuries the crisp and aromatic leaves and young stems 

 gathered in August or September have been used in 

 salads and vinegar pickles. Samphire rarely reaches 

 perfection in gardens far from the seacoast, unless 



