SARRACENIA 



SASSAFRAS 



3081 



to King Charles the First." Var. heterophylla, Eaton. 

 L^s pale green: fls. yellow-green to yellow. Very rare 

 in Mass., W. X. Y., and S. N. J. 



7. psittacina, Michx. (S. calceoldta, Nutt. S. pul- 

 chella, Groom). Pitchers procumbent in radial rosettes, 

 2-6 in. long, enlarging from base to hooded apex, green 

 with purple and white veins or areoles to claret-purple 

 throughout; apex of tube psittacoid, forming with 

 fused lid an incurved margin to pitcher-orifice; wing 

 narrow to wide vertical in position: fls. %-lM in. wide, 

 greenish purple to purple. Often abundant in pine- 

 barren swamps of Ga., N. Fla., and westward to La. 

 F.S. 7:268, desc.; 20:2063. G.C. II. 15:816. F. 1877, 

 p. 254. This species flourishes well under cult, when 

 treated as a semi-aquatic, that is with its roots largely 

 submerged in water. 



II. NATURAL AN*D ARTIFICIAL HYBRIDS. 



8. Atkinsoniana, Nichols. A hybrid of like parentage as S. 

 Sterensii. 



9. areolata, Maefar. (S. Sledgei X S. Drummondii'). Pitcher 

 elongate-tubular, green below, purple-veined and areolate above and 

 over lid. Lid circular-cordate, margin somewhat undulate, with 

 fine white hairs within: fls. 2-2}^ in. wide, yellowish purple. This 

 is a frequent hybrid wherever both parents occur near each other. 

 It is specially abundant from near Mobile, Ala,, westward for 30 

 miles, and thrives readily in cult, if grown like both parents with 

 the roots largely submerged in waters that have a humic acid 

 reaction. 



10. cantabrigiensis, Lynch. A cross of S. Drummondii and S. 

 minor (S. tariolaris) that shows intermediate form and coloring 

 between the parents. Raised by Lynch in Cambridge Botanic 

 Garden, England. 



11. Catesbsei, Ell. A hybrid between S. flata and S. purpurea, 

 that is common throughout the southern states. It was first 

 described by John Ray fully 200 years ago from specimens sent to 

 him from this country. The writer has noted as many as 117 

 specimens in a forenoon near Ponce de Leon, Fla. It is easily cult., 

 and produces pitchers and fls. that are the most striking and beau- 

 tiful of the genus. 



12. Chelsonii, Veitch. A cross of S. rubra with S. purpurea 

 raised in the Veitch gardens, and that shows intermediate char- 

 acters. The writer has once only found 2 wild examples in E. Ala., 

 the comparative rarity seeming to be due to a difference of nearly 

 3 weeks in the flowering periods of the parents. G.C. II. 13:725; 

 15:817. I.H. 27:388. S.H. 1:189. 



13. Claytonii, Nichols. Origin and parentage unknown; it is thus 

 described by Nicholson: "pitchers beautifully colored vinous purple 

 at the summit, shading to crimson." 



14. Cookiana, Hort. Parentage unknown, said to be one parent 

 of S. Sanderse. 



15. Courtii, Hort. One of Court's hybrids between S. purpurea 

 and S. psittacina, and combining in exact and striking manner the 

 details of both parents. Pitchers semi-decumbent, 6-8 in. long, 

 greenish red becoming deep crimson upward. Orifice and incurved 

 rim wider than in S. psittacina. S.H. 1:177. 



16. crispita, Andre. A name of doubtful value, that seems to have 

 been variously applied by different authors. Probably either S. 

 Sledgei or a hybrid of S. flaxa with S. minor. The writer has gath- 

 ered undoubted examples of the last-named cross near Summer- 

 ville, S. C. Pitchers erect, green with whitish areolations above, 

 lid broadlv ovate, somewhat constricted over orifice: fls. bright 

 yellow. I.H. 27. 387. G.C. II. 15:633; 16:9. 



17. decora, Hort. A probable cross between S. psittacina and 

 S. minor, and so of like but more recent parentage with S. 

 formosa. 



18. excellens, Nichols. A probable hybrid between S. minor and 

 the var. alba of S. Drummondii. 



19. eiculta, Nichols. A hybrid of like parentage as S. Moorei, 

 which see. 



20. exornata, Nichols. Said to be a hybrid of S. purpurea with 

 S. crispata. 



21. Farnhami, Hort. A beautiful hybrid said to be a cross 

 between S. Drummondii and S. rubra, and which combines details 

 of both parents in pitcher and fl. The writer has collected a single 

 wild example near Milligan, Fla., where the former parent is com- 

 mon and the latter is sparse. 



22. flambeau, Hort. A hybrid of doubtful origin and parentage, 

 cult, at Kew Gardens. Possibly a cross of S. purpurea with S. 

 minor, and so of like origin as S. Swaniana. 



23. formosa, Veitch. Pitchers ascending, intermediate between 

 the parents S. psittacina and S. minor as to shape, color, and lid- 

 formations. Gt. 32 :317. 



24. illustrata, Nichols. Lvs. elongate-tubular, veins becoming 

 deep crimson upward, lid cordate, sightly acuminate, with crimson 

 veins. Between S. flana var. picta and the hybrid S. Stevensii, so 

 with 3 parts of S. flava "blood" and 1 of S. purpurea. 



25. Maddisoniana, Nichols. A hybrid with the same parentage 

 as S. formosa, but in reversed relation. Pitchers ascending, short, 

 with dull purple veins and fine whitish areoles upward, cucul- 

 late end of tube and fused lid richly white and purple-veined, 



26. Mandaiana, Hort. A natural hybrid with like parentage to 

 <S. Moorei. Over wide areas from N. Cent. Fla. to the Alabama 

 River it is nearly always to be found wherever both parents 

 are common. A tall handsome type with crimson throat of 

 S. flava var. Rugelii, and the crimson and white areolations of S. 

 Drummondii. It grows well under cult. First sent out by Pitcher 

 & Manda. 



27. melanorhoda, Veitch. A cross between S. Stetensii and S. 

 purpurea, so with 1 part parentage of S. flata and 3 parts S. pur- 

 purea. Pitchers ascending, 6^-12 in. long, widening from base to 

 mouth, lid erect or slightly incurved with undulate margin and 

 within showing short hairs, top of pitcher and lid erimson- 

 green with dark crimson hispid veins, wing prominent, broadest 

 in middle. 



28. Mitchelliana, Nichols. (S. Drummondii var. rubra crossed by 

 S. purpurea). Pitchers almost erect, funnel-shaped, pale green with 

 rea veins and whitish areoles above, lid cordate-renifonn with 

 undulate margins, and deep crimson veins around white areoles. 

 The artificial hybrids were sent out by Bull. The writer has got a 

 few like plants growing wild near Bay Minette, Ala,, where both 

 parents are common. 



29. Moorei, Mast. This, the first artificial hybrid produced, was 

 raised by Moore, of Glasnevin, as a cross of S. flata with S. 

 Drummondii. Pitchers tall, erect, tubular, with strong veins, 

 light green below, crimson-veined and faintly white-areolate above 

 with usually rich crimson posterior throat area; lid crimson, and 

 white-areolate with slightly undulate margin and hispid hairs 

 within: fls. of a yellowish rose-to-purple color. As noted above 

 S. Mandaiana is a natural hybrid of similar parentage. G.C.II. 1 : 

 702, desc.; 16:44. 



30. Patersonii, Hort. A hybrid raised by Patterson, orchidologist 

 of Bridge of Allan, Scotland, and with parents like No. 28. 



31. Popei, Hort. Pitchers narrow, erect, with crimson veining 

 around mouth and ovate-acuminate lid: fls. yellowish crimson with 

 characters intermediate between those of parents. G.C. II. 16: 

 41. Raised by Pope of Glasnevin Garden, Dublin, between S. flata 

 and S. rubra. It seems rarely to be produced in nature, since the 

 former flowers about 3 weeks before the latter. 



32. porphyroneura, Hort. Probably a synonym of, and of like 

 parentage with S. Catesbsei, and first exhibited about 1882. 



33. Sanders, Nichols. An artificial cross of S. Drummondii var. 

 alba with S. Cookiana of unknown parentage. 



34. Sanderiana, Hort. A garden hybrid of S. Drummondii var. 

 rubra and S. Farnhami, distributed by Sander. Cult, at Kew, and 

 of great beauty. 



35. Stevensii, Mast. Similar in appearance to, and of like origin 

 as, the natural hybrid S. Catesbxi. Raised by Stevens, gardener 

 at Trentham, England. G.C. II. 16:40. 



36. Swaniana, Nichols. Pitchers ascending to suberect, greenish 

 crimson above with crimson veins and whitish areoles, lid ovate- 

 cordate with slightly bilobed apex, similarly colored as extremity of 

 tube, wing broad in middle tapered toward extremities. According 

 to Nicholson, it is ''a handsome and well-marked hybrid between 

 S. variolaris (minor) and S. purpurea." 



37. Tolliana, Nichols. Stated to be a hybrid of S. Drummondii 

 var. alba and S. flava, but the writer considers it rather to be 

 S. flata crossed by S. purpurea. So like S. Catesbxi and S. 

 Stetensii. 



38. vittita, Nichols. Between S. purpurea and S. Chelsonii. Not 

 in general cult. 



39. Wflliamsii, Mast. Of same hybrid origin and aspect as S. 

 Stetensii. 



40. Wfllisii, Nichols. A beautiful but complex cross of S. Courtii 

 (S. purpurea X S. psittacina) with S. melanorhoda, that is a hybrid 

 of S. Sterensii (S. purpurea X S. flata) with S. purpurea. It more or 

 less combines characters from all of the 3 species-parents, and is 

 delicately colored pale green, white, and crimson. 



41. Wilsoniana, Nichols. Of same hybrid origin as S. Stetensii 

 and others. 



42. Wrigleyana, Veitch. Reputed to be a garden cross between 

 S. psittacina and S. Drummondii or the converse. 



J. M. MACFARLAXE. 



SARSAPARILLA of commerce comes from various 

 species of Smilax. Wild sarsaparilla of America is 

 Aralia nudicavlis. 



SASKATOON. Fruit of a bush-like species of 

 Amelanchier. 



SASSAFRAS (Spanish, Salsafras, Saxifraga; medici- 

 nal properties similar to those of Saxifraga were attrib- 

 uted to it by Spanish discoverers). Lauracex. SASSA- 

 FRAS. Ornamental trees grown for their handsome 

 foliage assuming beautiful tints in autumn and for their 

 bright-colored fruit. 



