SATYRIUM 



SAUSSUREA 



SATfRIUM (Greek, satyr; Saiyrion was the name 

 given by Dioscorides to one of the orchids). Syn., 

 Dipledhrum. Orchidaceie. Terrestrial orchids with 

 tuberous roots, some of the species adapted to the 

 warmhouse, others to the coldframe. 



Tuber undivided: Ivs. few, on the lower part of the 

 St., rarely many at the sides of the tall st.: fls. medium- 

 sized or rather large, in often densely fid. spikes; bracts 

 membranaceous or somewhat leafy, sometimes imbri- 

 cate in the young spike and often strongly reflexed, in a 

 dwarf species overtopping the fls.; sepals free, rather 

 similar to the petals; labellum erect, broad-concave, 

 galeate or cucullate undivided: caps, erect, oblong, not 

 beaked. About 125 species, India, Mascarene Isls., 

 Trop. and S. Afr. Most of the species, of which several 

 are more or less commonly cult, abroad, succeed well in 

 a coldframe, in a compost of turfy peat, fibry loam and 

 sand with plenty of drainage. Prop, by division of 

 roots, made as fresh growth is commencing. 



carneum, R. Br. One to 2 ft. high: sts. stout: Ivs. 2, 

 radical, subsessile, ovate or orbicular-ovate : scapes with 

 several ovate or spathaceous sheaths; spikes oblong, 

 3-8 in. long, dense, many-fld.: fls. large, pink or rose- 

 colored; sepals and petals united at base, odd sepal 

 lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, lateral sepals larger; petals 

 elliptic-oblong; lip cucullate. S. Afr. B.M. 1512. G.C. 

 111.4:697. G.W. 2, pp. 349, 350. 



nepalense, Don. St. 6^30 in. high, usually very 

 stout : Ivs. few, oblong to linear-oblong, 4-10 x 2-4 in., 

 rather fleshy, sessile: spike 1-6 in. long, densely fld.; 

 bracts oblong or lanceolate, much larger than the fls.: 

 fls. fragrant, white to rose-pink; sepals linear-oblong, 

 obtuse; petals rather narrower, lip superior, broadly 

 ovate, concave and strongly keeled on the back. 

 Himalayas to Ceylon and Burma. B.M. 6625. Var. 

 ciliatum, Hook. f. (S. dliatum, Lindl.), is a small plant 

 with the spurs hardly longer than the sepals. Hima- 

 layas. This species and its variety require greenhouse 

 heat. 



sphaerocarpum, Lindl. About 12-18 in. high: sts. 

 stout: Ivs. 2-4, suberect, ovate-oblong or elliptic- 

 oblong, somewhat fleshy : scapes with a few large spatha- 

 ceous sheaths; spikes 2-8 in. long, dense and many-fld.; 

 bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate: fls. large, white, vari- 

 ously blotched and sometimes suffused with red; sepals 

 and petals united nearly to the middle, lanceolate- 

 oblong, more or less recurved, lateral sepals broader 

 than the other segms., lip cucullate, broadly elliptic- 

 ovate. S. Afr. B.M. 7295. 



S. aurantiacum, T. S. Ware, is a species with broad Ivs., long and 

 compact fl. -spike and rich orange fls. Probably of garden origin. 



F. TRACT HrBBARD. 



SAUROMATUM (saura, lizard; referring to the 

 spotted flower). Arac&e. Perennial herbs, with uni- 

 sexual naked flowers, grown for ornament. 



Tubers bearing a single pedate If. one year, the next 

 year Ivs. and fls.: petioles cylindrical, spotted below; 

 blade pedately parted: peduncle short: spathe soon 

 withering, its tube oblong, swollen at the base, more or 

 less connate, its blade or banner long-lanceolate, black- 

 purple, variously spotted. Species 6, India, Java, and 

 Trop. Afr. The following are hardy bulbous -plants, 

 with large and curious fls. The fls. are produced from 

 Jan. until June, and the bulbs have kept well in a dry 

 state for a year. There is little danger of the bulbs 

 shriveling or rotting. Plant them 6 in. deep in pots or in 

 the garden. Easily managed by the amateur. 



guttatum, Schott. Petioles 3 ft. long, not spotted; 

 If .-segms. 6-8 in. long, 2-3 in. wide, the lateral smaller: 

 spat he-tube green on the back, 4 in. long, the upper 

 third narrowed; blade 12 in. long, 2 in. wide below, 

 gradually narrowing above, olive-green on the back, 

 yellowish green within, with dense, irregular black- 

 purple spots. Himalayas. J.F. 1 : 12. B.R. 1017 (as 

 A rum venosum). 



venosum, Schott (S. simlense, Schott.). Petioles 

 spotted, 3 Yz ft. long; If. -segms. 8-10 in. long, 4 in. wide, 

 the lateral smaller: spathe-tube 3-^4 in. long, purple on 

 the back: blade 14-16 in. long, 3 in. wide below, about 

 1 in. wide from the middle to the apex, purple on the 

 back, yellow within and with crowded oblong purple or 

 black spots. Himalayas. B.M. 4465 and F.S. 13:1334 

 (both erroneously as S. g/uttatum). 



S. brfvipei, N. E. Br. Petiole up to 15 in. long, rose, the segms. 

 of blade 5-9, 4-6 in. long, narrowly linear-lanceolate, caudate- 

 acuminate: spathe shortly stalked, the tube swollen, 1H in. long, 

 pale yellowish green, faintly rose-spotted, the limb narrow, convo- 

 lute, twisted, arching, 4-6 in. long, pale greenish or rose, bright red 

 at throat ; spadix as long as spathe, slender, rose below, orange above. 

 SkMm. B.M. 7940. 



GEORGE V. 



SAUROPUS (Greek for lizard foot). Euphorbiacex. 

 Tropical shrubs rarely cult.: Ivs. alternate, simple: fls. 

 in axillary clusters, apetalous, sepals imbricate; no 

 rudiment of a pistil in the staminate fls.; disk absent 

 from the pistillate fls.; styles almost entire; ovules 2 in 

 each of the 3 cells of the ovary: fr. more or less fleshy. 

 About 20 species of Trop. Asia and South Sea Isls. 

 Related to Phyllanthus. S. dUncans, Blume, occurring 

 in many varieties from Ceylon to the Philippines, has 

 edible fr. and has been in cult, in Eu. 



J. B. S. NORTON. 



SAURURUS (Greek, lizard's tail, referring to the 

 curve of the spike of fls.). Saururacex. LIZARD'S TAIL. 

 Perennial marsh herbs, suitable for the bog-garden. 



Erect: Ivs. heart- 

 shaped, converging- 

 ribbed, petioled, 

 without dis- 

 tinct stipules: fls. 

 crowded in a slen- 

 der - naked - pedun - 

 cled terminal spike 

 or raceme; perianth 

 none; stamens 

 mostly 6 or 7, hy- 

 pogynous: fr. some- 

 what fleshy, wrin- 

 kled, of 3-4 carpels 

 united at base and 

 indehiscent; seed 

 usually solitary. 

 Two species, one in 

 N. Amer., the other 

 in Asia. 



cernuus, T.inn. 

 LIZARD'S TAIL. Fig. 

 3554. Height 2-5 

 ft.: Ivs. cordate, 

 acuminate: fls. 

 white, fragrant, in 

 a spike which is 

 nodding at the end; 

 bract lanceolate; 

 filaments long and 

 capillary. In swamps and shallow water, Conn, to Ont., 

 Minn., Mo., and southward. June-Aug. B.B. 1:482. 



Loureirii, Decne. (S. chinensis, Hort.). Perennial, 

 from a strong rhizome: sts. stout, 12-16 in. high, round 

 below, angled above: Ivs. alternate, petioled, cordate- 

 based, ovate, acute, 45 in. long, bright green: spikes 

 cylindrical, 4-5 in. long, axillary in the uppermost Ivs., 

 which turn yellowish white at the time of flowering; 

 filaments very short. China and Japan. R.H. 1908, p. 

 395 - F. TRACY HUBBARD. 



SAUSSUREA (named after Theodor de Saussure, 

 1767-1845, or for his father, Horace Benoit de Saussure, 

 1740-1799). Composite. Annual, biennial, or peren- 

 nial, glabrous or tomentose herbs of various habit, 

 sometimes planted in the garden for ornament. 



3554. Saururus cermms, 



