SCORPIURUS 



SCUTELLARIA 



3121 



SCORPIURUS (Greek, scorpion and tail, alluding to 

 the twisted form of the legume). Leguminbsse. Nearly 

 hardy stemless or decumbent herbs, adapted to the 

 open border: Ivs. simple, very entire, elongate, twisted 

 and folded; stipules adnate to the petiole: fls. yellow, 

 often few, solitary or umbelled, on axillary peduncles, 

 nodding; calyx with the 2 upper lobes connate above; 

 petals long-clawed, the standard suborbiculate, the 

 wings oblique-obovate or oblong, the keel incurved, 

 beaked-acuminate; stamens free from the standard; 

 ovary sessile, many-ovuled : legume subterete, circinate- 

 involute, sulcate-costate, the ribs often tuberculate or 

 muricate. indehiscent. About 6 species, S. Eu., N. Afr. 

 to the Canary Isls., and W. Asia. Prop, by seed sown 

 in the open border in the spring. S. vermiculata, Linn. 

 A trailing annual: Ivs. tapering into the petioles: fls. 

 solitary on the peduncles, the standard streaked with 

 red: pod thick, glabrous, with the inner ribs almost 

 obsolete, but the 10 outer ones bear crowded stipitate 

 tubercles which are obtusely dilated at the apex. Medit. 

 region. See the article Worms. 



SCORZONERA (old French scorzon, serpent; S. his- 

 panica was used against snake-bites). Compdsitx. The 

 vegetable known as scorzonera or black salsify is a 

 plant with a long fleshy tap-root like that of salsify, 

 but differing in having a black skin. The flesh, how- 

 ever, is white. It is cultivated and cooked Like salsify, 

 but being somewhat more difficult to raise it is rarer 

 than that vegetable, although considered by many to 

 be superior to it in flavor. The leaves may be used for 

 salads. Scorzonera is a perennial plant, but it is treated 

 in cultivation as an annual or biennial crop. 



Perennial herbs, or rarely annual, floccose, lanate or 

 hirsute: Ivs. sometimes entire and grass-like, or wider, 

 sometimes more or less pinnately lobed or dissected: 

 heads long-peduncled, yellow, the fls. all radiate: 

 achenes glabrous or villous. -Over 100 species, all 

 natives of the Old World. Cult, same as salsify. 



Botanically, also. Scorzonera is closely allied to sal- 

 sify. The two vegetables are easily distinguished in 

 root, leaf, flower, and seed. The leaves of Scorzonera 

 are broader, the flowers are yellow (those of salsify 

 being violet), and the seeds are white. Also, the involu- 

 cral bracts of Scorzonera are in many series; of salsify, 

 in one series. 



hispanica, Linn. SCORZOXERA. BLACK SALSIFY. 

 Perennial herb, 2 ft. high: st. much branched: Ivs. 

 clasping, lanceolate, or in some forms linear, undulate, 

 glabrous: heads solitary at the ends of the many 

 branches of the infl. Cent. Eu. WILHELM MILLER. 



SCOTCH BROOM: Cytisus scoparius. S.Pine: Pinus syltestris. 



SCOURING-RUSH: Equisetum. 



SCREW BEAN: Prosopis. S. Pine: Pandanus. 



SCROPHULARIA (a reputed remedy for scrofula). 

 Scrophulariacfse. FIGWORT. Herbs or subshrubs, gla- 

 brous or hirsute, often fetid, sparingly grown in the 

 herbaceous border. 



Leaves opposite or the upper alternate, entire, incised, 

 or dissected: cymes lax, in a terminal simple or some- 

 what branched thyrsus: fls. small, rarely rather large, 

 greenish purple, purple, lurid or yellow; calyx deeply 

 5-cleft or 5-parted: corolla 5-lobed, short, 4 erect, the 

 anterior one spreading; stamens 4, perfect, didynamous: 

 caps, ovoid or subglobose. About 150 species, Medit. 

 region, Orient and N. Amer. 



aquatica, Linn. A tall glabrous plant: sts. very 

 acute-angled or winged: Ivs. ovate-oblong, rather 

 obtuse, base cordate; the petioles winged: thyrse 

 elongated, often 1-2 ft. long, the cymes peduncled, 

 laxly many-fld.: calyx-segms. orbiculate. Eu. and Cau- 

 casus. Var. variegata, Hort., the Ivs. have a broad 

 white marginal band. 



marilandica, Linn. (S. noddsa var. marilandica, Gray). 

 A tall-growing hardy perennial herb, usually 5 ft. 

 high, often more, with large, dark green, ovate-acu- 

 minate Ivs. and small, dull purplish or greenish fls. in 

 a nearly naked, open thyrse. Throughout the U. S. 

 The plant is sometimes used as a foliage background 

 for the herbaceous border. It is too inconspicuous in 

 fl. and too weedy in habit for general use. 



F. TRACT HUBBARD.! 



SCURVY-GRASS (Cochlearia officinalis, Linn.), a 

 common European perennial, is so called from its anti- 

 scorbutic qualities which have long been recognized. 

 Stimulant, diuretic, stomachic, and laxative properties 

 have been ascribed to it. In general appearance leaf, 

 flower, and fruit it somewhat resembles its close rela- 

 tive, water-cress, but in flavor it is acrid, bitter, pun- 

 gent, and has a strong suggestion of tar. Bruising reveals 

 a disagreeable odor. When cultivated it is treated as 

 an annual, the seed being sown on garden loam in a 

 cool, shady place where the plants are to remain. It is 

 grown to a limited extent in America, has escaped from 

 cultivation, but so far has not become obnoxious as a 

 weed Like water-cress and horse-radish. Consult Vol. 

 II, p. 808, for botanical description. M Q, KAINS. 



SCUTELLARIA (Latin, dish; referring to the form 

 of the persistent calyx): Labiatse. SKULLCAP. Annual or 

 perennial herbs, or decumbent or diffuse rarely tall and 

 erect subshrubs or very rarely shrubs, suitable for out- 

 door planting. 



Leaves opposite, frequently dentate, sometimes pin- 

 natifid or entire; the floral Ivs. similar or changed into 

 bracts: fls. in opposite 2-fld. floral whorls or in some 

 species a few at the top, sometimes disposed in all or 

 the lower axils, sometimes in terminal racemes or 

 spikes, blue, violet, scarlet, or yellow; calyx cam- 

 panulate, 2-lipped; corolla-tube long-exserted, Limb 

 2-lipped; stamens 4, ascending, all fertile, the anterior 

 pair longer: nutlets subglobose or depressed. About 

 140 species scattered over the world, mostly in the tem- 

 perate regions and the mountains, a few in Trop. Afr., 

 not known from S. Afr. 



alba, 1. 



albida, 8. 

 alpina, 1. 

 altissima. 6. 

 angustifolia. 12. 

 antirrhinpides, 16. 

 baicalensis, 11. 

 bicolar, 1. 

 brevifolia, 10. 

 Brittonii, 15. 



INDEX. 



cserulea, 1. 

 ccelestina, 11. 

 galericulata, 13. 

 grandiflora, 2. 

 indica. 4. 

 japonica, 4. 

 lateriflora, 17. 

 lupulina, 1. 

 macrantha, 11. 

 Mociniana, 18. 



montana. 9. 

 orientalis, 2. 

 peregrina, 7. 

 pulchella, 2. 

 resinosa, 14. 

 rosea, 1. 

 Ventenatii, 3. 

 violacea, 5. 

 Wrightii, 14. 



KEY TO THE SECTIONS. 



A. Floral hs. membranaceous: fls. 

 or subracemose, scarcely secund. 



Section I. LUPULJNARIA. Species 1, 2. 

 AA. Floral Its. herbaceous: fls. secund. 



B. Fls. not opposite, all or at least the uppermost 



remote. Section II. HETERANTHESIA. Species 3. 



BB. Fls. opposite. 



c. Infl. composed of fls. in terminal single or 

 panicled racemes. (The delimitations be- 

 tween this and the following section are not 

 well marked.) 



Section III. STACHYMACKIS. Species 4-11. 

 cc. Infl. composed of fls. solitary in the axils or 

 in axillary and terminal racemes. 



Section IV. GALERICTTLARIA. Species 12-18. 



Section I. LUPTILINARIA. 



All Old-World species. 

 A. Lvs. green on both surface* or hardly 



crenate .......................... 1. alpina 



AA. Lvs. hoary beneath, indse-dentate or 



pinnatifid ....................... 2. orientalis 



