SEXECIO 



SEQUOIA 



3153 



base, sinuately 9-13-lobed, callous-denticulate, bir- 

 tellous above, more or less grayish-tomentose beneath: 

 infl. a terminal many-headed panicle; heads radiate, 

 about Join, high; ra\ T -fls. usually 5, rays yellow; disk-fls. 

 about 15:achenes glabrous. S. Mex. B.M. 1536. G.W. 

 9, p. 137. A useful plant for winter decoration, and 

 rather common in greenhouse cult. 



32. Heritieri, DC. A low suffruticose perennial, 

 seldom more than 1 ft. high: st. ascending or erect, at 

 first white-tomentose, later glabrate: Ivs. petiolate, 



3610. Senecio craentus var. Webberianus, one of the early 

 forms of the garden cineraria. 



suborbicular, ^-1% in. broad, 5-7-lobed, araneous- 

 tomentulose in the young stages above but soon gla- 

 brate, densely and "permanently white-tomentose be- 

 neath: heads radiate, mostly solitary on an elongated 

 nearly naked peduncle; ray-fls. about 13, rays purple. 

 Teneriffe. B.M. 53 (as Cineraria lanata). G.C. III. 

 50:333. First brought into cult, about 1793. 



33. cruentus, DC. (Cineraria cruenta, Mass.). Short- 

 stemmed perennial, floccose-woolly : Ivs. large, cordate- 

 ovate to cordate-triangular, angled or undulate and 

 sinuate-toothed, rather long-stalked: fls. purple-red. 

 Canary Isls. B.M. 406. The supposed parent of the 

 florists' cinerarias (Fig. 3609), for discussion of which 

 see p. 771, Vol. II. According to The Garden, March 

 1, 1890, it was in 1777 that the type of the florists' 

 cineraria was first intro. from the Canary Isls. by Mas- 

 son. \Vhether the present highly improved races of 

 cinerarias are direct descendants of S. cruentus or the 

 result of hybridization is not now determined. The 

 garden or modified race began to develop very early. 

 Fig. 3610 is Cineraria Webberiana, Paxt. (Senecio cru- 

 entus var. Webberianus, Hort.), copied from The Gar- 

 den, which "was raised in the spring of 1841 by Mr. 

 Smithers, gardener to Mr. R. Williams, and has bright 

 green leaves and boldly coloured flowers a form that 

 would give delight in these days." It is said that the 

 first double cineraria is thought to have been Mrs. 

 Thomas Lloyd, certificated in March, 1880. 



Several species which have been described under the genus 

 Senecio, some being of rather recent intro., seem to the writer to be 

 more satisfactorily treated under the genus Ligularia. Among those 

 appearing to be of considerable importance from a horticultural 



standpoint are the following: Ligularia. clitorum, Maxim. (Senecio 

 clivorum, Maxim.). A robust herbaceous perennial, 4 ft. high, at 

 first tawny-pubescent, glabrate: radical Ivs. long-petiolate, renifonn 

 or subrotund, sometimes 20 in. diam., sharply mueronate-dentate: 

 heads large, many-fld., radiate with orange-yellow rays; disk-fls. 

 dark brown. Japan and China. G.M. 51:675. Flowers Aug. and 

 Sept. Liffularia macrophylla, DC. (Cineraria macrophylla, Ledeb. 

 Senecio Ledebpurii, Schz. Bip.); for description see p. 1859, VoL 

 IV. Senecio Purdomii, Turn]!. St. erect, sulcate, densely tawny- 

 pubescent: radical Ivs. long-petiolate, broadly orbicular, about 12 

 in. long, 15 in. broad: infl. paniculate; heads rayless. China. Intro, 

 into England in 1914 by Veitch & Sons. Not yet known in American 

 gardens. Needs further study. Ligularia stenoctphaia, Greenm. 

 comb. nov. (Senecio stenocephalus, Maxim. Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 

 16:218. 1871. S. cacaliarfohus var. stenocephalus, Franch.). Radi- 

 cal Ivs. long-petiolate, reniform, about 9 in. long, 16 in. broad, deeply 

 cordate, coarsely toothed, glabrous on both surfaces: infl. racemose, 

 12 in. or more long, 2% in. wide at the base; heads radiate; ray-fls. 

 1-5, rays yellow; disk-fls. 5-6. China. B.M. 8472. Liffularia 

 Veiichiana, Greenm. comb. nov. (Senecio Veitchianus, HemsL G.C. 

 III. 38:212. 1905). -A very stout perennial herb with simple 

 flowering st. 3-6 ft. high; radical Ivs. 15-16 in. long, 10-11 in. 

 broad, sharply dentate: heads very numerous, about 2}^ in. diam.; 

 ray-fls. 10-12, rays yellow. China. G.M. 50:741. Liffularia Wil- 

 soniana, Greenm. comb. nov. (Senecio Wilsonianus, Hemsl. G.C. 

 III. 38:212. 1905). GIAXT GBOTTSTMSEL. A robust herbaceous per- 

 ennial with a flowering st. 3-5 ft. high: radical lys. long-petiolate, 

 the blade reniform-cordate, 10-20 in. long, 9-^10 in. broad, sharply 

 dentate: infl. an elongated columnar-like spike, branched at the 

 base' heads very numerous, radiate, about 1 in. diam.; ray-fls. 6-8, 

 rays yellow. China. G. 34:113. G.C. 111.42:201. This and the 

 preceding one are desirable plants for ditch-borders and bog- 

 gardens. J. M. GREENMAN. 



SENNA: Cassia. S., Bladder: Colutea. 



SENSITIVE FERN: Onodea sensibilis. S. Plant: Mimosa 

 pudica. 



SEQUOIA (after Sequovah, otherwise George Guess, 

 a Cherokee half-breed of Georgia, about 1770-1843, 

 originator of the Cherokee alphabet). Pinacex. BIG 

 TREES OF CALIFORNIA. REDWOOD. Tall massive often 

 gigantic forest trees, grown as ornamental evergreens 

 in Europe, in California, and to a limited extent hi the 

 eastern states; of chief interest because of their great 

 age and large size. S. gigantea is the most massive of all 

 trees, although exceeded in girth by several others, 

 notably the African baobab. S. sempervirens holds the 

 record as the tallest tree in the world, at least so far as 

 actual measurements have been made, one specimen 

 in Humboldt County, California, measuring 340 feet, 

 according to Sargent. Greater heights assigned to 

 species of Eucalyptus were erroneous (see note under 

 E. amygdalina var. regnans, Vol. II, p. 1157). 



Large trees with thick red fibrous and deeply grooved 

 bark: heartwood dark red, soft, durable, straight- 

 grained; sapwood thin and nearly white: Ivs. persistent, 

 alternate, linear or awl-shaped or scale-;like, often 

 dimorphic: fls. monoecious; staminate catkins axillary 

 and terminal, each of the numerous spirally arranged 

 stamens bearing 2-5 pollen-sacs; pistillate catkins ter- 

 minal, composed of many spirally arranged scales, each 

 with 4-7 ovules at base: cone woody, persistent, the 

 divergent scales widened at summit which is rhom- 

 boidal, wrinkled, and with a depressed center; seeds 

 flattened; cotyledons 2. 



sempervirens, Endl. CALIFORNIA REDWOOD. Fig. 

 3611 (adapted from Amer. Forestry xx:323). Tree 

 100 to 340 ft. high, with trunk 10^25 ft. in diam. 

 and often clear of limbs for 100 ft. in mature speci- 

 mens, the narrow crown with horizontal or downward- 

 sweeping branches: Ivs. linear, mostly J^-l in. long, 

 1-1)1 hnes wide, spreading in flat sprays, or the 

 upper Ivs. and those on main st. of the branches often 

 only 1-5 lines long and awl-shaped: cone oval, %-iys 

 in. long, M-%in. broad, maturing the first autumn; 

 scales 14-26; seeds elliptic, narrowly margined, 2 lines 

 long.. Confined to northern and central Coast Ranges 

 of Calif . on slopes exposed to sea influences. Gn. 76, 

 p. 172. G.W. 13, p. 331; 14, p. 511. Reproduces by 

 seeds and by stump-sprouts, the latter numerous and 

 remarkably persistent, often producing merchantable 

 lumber. Var. glauca, Hort. Foliage with a decidedly 

 bluish cast. 



