SEYMERIA 



SHORTIA 



3159 



to entire bracts: fls. in interrupted racemes or spicate, 

 the pedicels solitary and without bracts, yellow; calyx 

 campanulate, with 5 narrow, entire or denticulate lobes; 

 corolla-tube short and broad, rarely exserted, the throat 

 broad, 5-lobed, the lobes broad or oblong, spreading; 

 stamens, 4, subequal: caps, globose at base, the apex 

 frequenth' compressed, acuminate or beaked. Ten 

 species, 9 from X. Amer., Texas-Mex. region and 1 

 from Madagascar. Seeds are sown in a well-drained 

 bed of rather light rich soil. S. pectinata, Pursh. About 

 1 ft. high, minutely viscid-pubescent or glabrate: Ivs. 

 pinna tely parted into rather few short- or oblong-linear 

 divisions or the upper incisely few-toothed or entire: 

 calyx-lobes linear; corolla hairy outside. N. C. to Fla. 

 and Ala., perhaps to Texas. S. tenuifolia, Pursh. About 

 2-4 ft. high, very slender: Ivs. copiously 1-2-pinnately 

 parted: fls. on filiform pedicels; calyx-lobes setaceous; 

 corolla very deeply cleft, the lobes oblong. N. C. to 

 Fla. and Texas. 



SHAD-BUSH: Amdanchier. 



SHADDOCK. A name used in the West Indies and 

 Florida for the forms of the pummelo, Citrus grandis, 

 supposed to have been introduced from India into the 

 West Indies sometime in the seventeenth century by a 

 Captain Shaddock. 



The shaddocks are large usually pear-shaped fruits 

 with a thick peel and have a firm pulp of rather poor 

 flavor. The leaves have very broad, winged petioles 

 and the twigs are usually more or less hairy, especially 

 when young. Shaddocks were formerly grown in 

 Florida but have been superseded by the grapefruit 

 (see page 1391, Vol. Ill) as the hatter finds more favor 

 in American markets. Pummelos, very like shaddocks, 

 are still grown in India, China, and the East generally. 

 See Pummdo (page 2857, Vol. V). 



WALTER T. SWINGLE. 



SHAGBARK: Hickory. 



SHALLOT is Attium ascaUmicum, Linn., native of 

 Syria. It is grown chiefly for the small oblong-pointed 

 gray bulbs (into which the parent bulb separates after 

 harvesting in summer), which are used in cookery for 

 flavoring; the leaves are sometimes eaten in a green 

 state. The bulbs are of mild flavor. Shallots are little 

 known in North America. They are grown as are gar- 

 lics (see Garlic), the bulbs or cloves being separated and 

 planted early in spring in any good garden soil. Each 

 bulb produces several, all cohering by the base. The 

 mature bulbs are 2 inches or less long and only about 

 half that in diameter. The leaves are small, terete, and 

 hollow. The plant is hardy. The bulbs will keep several 

 months or even a year. Small onions are sometimes 

 sold as shallots. L H. B. 



SHAMROCK. Half the world is sure that shamrock 

 is the wood-sorrel, Oxalis Acetosetta. The other hah* is 

 equally certain that the true shamrock is white clover, 

 Trifolium repens. In the time of Spenser's "Faerie 

 Queene," shamrock was said to be good to eat. This ap- 

 plies to the former plant, but not to the latter. Moreover, 

 according to Sowerby, the wood-sorrel is in perfection on 

 Saint Patrick's Day, while white clover is not. The 

 wood-sorrel is sent in great quantities from Ireland to 

 London for Saint Patrick's Day. On the other hand, it 

 is said that clover is the plant most commonly used in 

 Ireland. Half a dozen other plants have then- followers, 

 and these are all plants with three leaflets. Neverthe- 

 less there are those who deny that Saint Patrick used 

 the shamrock as a symbol of the trinity. These declare 

 that the water-cress is the true shamrock. The question 

 will always remain an open one. See Dyer's "Folk-Lore 

 of Plants." WILHELM MILLER. 



SHAMROCK, INDIAN : A name found in some English books 

 for the Trillium. S. Pea : Parochttus communig. 



SHEPHERDIA (named for John Shepherd, an 

 English botanist). EUeagnaceae. Shrubs, or small trees 

 with scurfy scales, two of which are in cultivation, one 

 for its striking appearance, the second for its edible fruit. 



Leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong and entire: fls. 

 small, dkpcious, in very short spikes or racemes, oppo- 

 site to small bracts along the rachis, male spikes many- 

 fld., female 2-fld. in the axils of Ivs. or often sessile at 

 leafless nodes; calyx of male fls. 4-parted, of female fls. 

 urn-shaped, 4-cleft; stamens in male fl. 8, alternating 

 with 8 lobes of a thick disk; ovary becoming a nut or 

 achene and invested by the fleshy calyx, forming a 

 drupe-like fr. Three species, N. Amer. The genus 

 Shepherdia was founded by Nuttall in 1818. Rafin- 

 esque's LepargyKea, 1817, is equivalent, and the species 

 have been placed under this name; it is not accepted 

 under the International Rules. In S. argentea, the buf- 

 falo berry, the fr. is edible when made into jellies and 

 conserves, and is much prized in the upper plains 

 region for household uses. 



The shepherdias are hardy plants, withstanding 

 extremes of cold and drought. They are of easy cul- 

 ture, and grow readily from stratified seeds. For orna- 

 mental planting, they are prized for bold positions in 

 front of shrubbery masses, where their gray or white 

 colors afford excellent contrasts. S. canadensis is par- 

 ticularly well adapted for planting on dry rocky sterile 

 banks, where most bushes find great difficulty in secur- 

 ing a foothold. S. argentea succeeds better in the upper 

 Mississippi Valley than in the eastern states. Staminate 

 and pistillate plants of it have different forms of buds. 



A. Lvs. green above. 



canadensis, Nutt. (Lepargyraea canadensis, Greene). 

 Spreading twiggy bush 3- or even 8 ft. tall, the 

 young branches brown-scurfy: Ivs. ovate, oval, or 

 elliptic, rather thick, green above but rusty beneath: 

 fls. yellowish, in short clusters at the nodes: fr. small 

 (Min. or less long), oval, red or yellow, insipid. Along 

 streams and on hike-banks, Newfoundland to Brit. Col. 

 and in the northern tier of states, and southward in the 

 mountains to Utah. The yellow-fruited form has been 

 distinguished as f . xanthocdrpa, Rehd. 



AA. Lvs. silvery above. 



argentea, Nutt. (L. argentea, Greene). BUFFALO 

 BERRY. Fig. 680, Vol. I. Upright shrub, or sometimes 

 almost tree-form, reaching 18 ft. tall, thorny, the young 

 growth silvery tomentose: Ivs. oblong, cuneate-oblong 

 or oblong-lanceolate, silvery on both sides : fls. yellowish, 

 in dense small fascicles at the nodes: fr. globular or 

 ovoid, about ^m. long, red or yellow, acid, edible. 

 Kans. to Minn., west and north. See Buffalo Berry. 



S. rotundifdlid. Parry, from Utah, is a silvery tomentose and 

 scurfy evergreen bush: Ivs. round-oval or ovate, mostly some- 

 what cordate, short-pet ioled: fls. stalked in the axils of the Ivs., 

 the staminate mostly in 3's and the pistillate solitary: fr- globular, 

 scurfy, ripening in July. L H B 



SHERWO6DIA: Shortia. 



SHORTIA (named for Dr. Charles W. Short, a bot- 

 anist of Kentucky). Diapensiaceae. Two acaulescent 

 herbs, with the habit of galax. 



Rootstocks creeping: Ivs. evergreen, round-cordate: 

 fl. solitary on a slender leafless scape, the calyx with 

 scaly bracts, the corolla bell-shaped and obtusely 5- 

 lobed; stamens 5, the filaments adnate to the corolla, 

 alternating with 5 scale-like staminodia; pistil 3-angled 

 and 3-loculed; style filiform and stigma 3-lobed: fr. a 

 globular caps. From this, Schizocodon is distinguished 

 by Linear-elongated staminodia and fringed corolla. 

 Allied genera mentioned in this Cyclopedia are Galax, 

 Pyxidanthera, and Schizocodon. Diapensia has two 

 alpine and boreal species, one in the Himalayas and 

 the other in N. Eu. and N. Amer. Berneuxia, the 

 remaining genus, has a single species in Thibet, not in 

 the American trade. Shortia calif ornica of seedsmen 



